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ASTM A234/ASME SA234M Standard Specification

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ASTM A234 pipe fittings

ASTM A234 WPB is the Standard Specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel for Moderate and High Temperature Service. ASTM A234 is Standard Specification for steel pipe fittings includes carbon and alloy steel material for moderate and high temperature services. It covers steel fittings of seamless and welded types. Steel Pipe fittings are applied in pressure pipelines and in pressure vessel fabrications. These fittings material consist of killed steel, forgings, bars, plates, seamless or HFW (fusion welded) pipe products, with filler metal added.

Grades in ASTM A234

ASTM A234 specification has many grades, such as WPB, WPC, WP5, WP9 WP11, WP12, WP22, WP91 and so on.

In these standard Grade WPB is the most common material used for medium and high temperature pipelines. W means weldable, P means pressure, B is grade b, refer to the minimum yield strength.

The source raw material of ASTM A234 WPB steel pipe fittings may be from steel pipe, such as ASTM A106 Gr.B and C.

Also from steel plate, as ASTM A285 Gr.C, ASTM A516 Gr 70, ASTM A572 etc.

Forging is the manufacturing process of ASTM A234 WPB pipe fittings.

This abstract is a brief summary of the referenced standard. It is informational only and not an official part of the standard; the full text of the standard itself must be referred to for its use and application.

ASTM does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents of this abstract are accurate, complete or up to date.

Standard Specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel for Moderate and High Temperature Service

Abstract …
This specification covers wrought carbon steel and alloy steel fittings of seamless and welded construction. These fittings are for use in pressure piping and in pressure vessel fabrication for service at moderate and elevated temperatures. The material for fittings shall consist of killed steel, forgings, bars, plates, seamless or fusion-welded tubular products with filler metal added. Forging or shaping operations may be performed by hammering, pressing, piercing, extruding, upsetting, rolling, bending, fusion welding, machining, or by a combination of two or more of these operations. The forming procedure shall be so applied that it will not produce injurious imperfections in the fittings. Fittings, after forming at an elevated temperature, shall be cooled to a temperature below the critical range under suitable conditions to prevent injurious defects caused by too rapid cooling, but in no case more rapidly than the cooling rate in still air. The fittings shall be subjected to tension test, hardness test, and hydrostatic test.

Chemical Composition (%) of ASTM A234/A234M

GradeTypeCSiSPMnCrNiMoOtheróbósδ5
WPB0.30.1min0.0580.050.29-1.060.40.40.15V:0.06;Nb:0.02415-58524022197
WPC0.350.1min0.0580.050.29-1.060.40.40.15V:0.06;Nb:0.02485-65527522197
WP10.280.1-0.50.0450.0450.3-0.90.44-0.65380-55020522197
WP12 CL10.05-0.20.60.0450.0450.3-0.80.8-1.250.44-0.65415-58522022197
WP12 CL20.05-0.20.60.0450.0450.3-0.80.8-1.250.44-0.65485-65527522197
WP11 CL10.05-0.150.5-10.030.030.3-0.61-1.50.44-0.65415-58520522197
WP11 CL20.05-0.20.5-10.040.040.3-0.81-1.50.44-0.65485-65527522197
WP11 CL30.05-0.20.5-10.040.040.3-0.81-1.50.44-0.65520-69031022197
WP22 CL10.05-0.150.50.040.040.3-0.61.9-2.60.87-1.13415-58520522197
WP22 CL30.05-0.150.50.040.040.3-0.61.9-2.60.87-1.13520-69031022197
WP5 CL10.150.50.030.040.3-0.64-60.44-0.65415-58520522217
WP5 CL30.150.50.030.040.3-0.64-60.44-0.65520-69031022217
WP9 CL10.1510.030.030.3-0.68-100.9-1.1415-58520522217
WP9 CL30.1510.030.030.3-0.68-100.9-1.1520-69031022217
WPR0.20.050.0450.4-1.061.6-2.24435-60531522/28217
WP910.08-0.120.2-0.50.010.020.3-0.68-9.50.40.85-1.05See sdandard585-76041520248
WP9110.09-0.130.1-0.50.010.020.3-0.68.5-10.50.40.9-1.1See sdandard620-84044020248
Notes:

For each reduction of 0.01% below the specified C maximum, an increase of 0.06% Mn above the specified maximum will be permitted, up to a maximum of 1.35%.
The sum of Cu, Ni, Cr, and Mo shall not exceed 1.00%.
The sum of Cr and Mo shall not exceed 0.32%.
The maximum carbon equivalent (C.E.) shall be 0.50, based on heat analysis and the formula C.E.=C+Mn/6+(Cr+Mo+V)/5+(Ni+Cu)/15.

Mechanical properties of ASTM A234

Tensile RequirementsWPBWPC, WP11CL2WP11CL1　WP11CL3
Tensile Strength, min, ksi[MPa]
(0.2% offset or 0.5% extension-under-load)		60-85
[415-585]		70-95
[485-655]		60-85
[415-585]		　75-100
[520-690]
Yield Strength, min, ksi[MPa]32
[240]		40
[275]		30
[205]		45
[310]

What is the manufacturing process of ASTM A234 WPB pipe fittings?The WPB is not short hand for any process. It is simply an identifier developed by ASTM. The fittings in question are manufactured in the same manner as the companion pipe for this specification.

In very large sizes, the fittings may be manufactured in pieces and welded together as is the case for many large fittings.

The term used for the manufacturing is called “wrought” which means it is worked as opposed to being cast or forged.

As to the W standing for weldable, I’m not sure that is correct since that are many, many pipe fittings that are weldable but carry designations other than a W. Note the reference below.

ASTM A234/A234M-07

Standard Specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel for Moderate and High Temperature Service
This standard covers wrought carbon steel fittings of seamless and welded construction which are manufactured to the dimensional specifications of ASME B16.9 and B16.28. These fittings are primarily for use in pressure piping and in pressure vessel fabrication for service at moderate and elevated temperatures.

Referenced Documents

ASTM Standards

High-Temperature Service

ASME Standards

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