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Our team is highly trained and experienced in servicing and producing all types of steel supplies. Need help or have a question?
sales@abrasionresistantpipe.com
Tel.: +8621-3378-0199
ASTM A213 covers seamless ferritic and austenitic steel boiler, superheater, and heat-exchanger tubes, designated Grades T5, TP304, etc.Grades containing the letter, H, in their designation, have requirements different from those of similar grades not containing the letter, H.
1.1 This specification covers seamless ferritic and austenitic steel boiler, superheater, and heat-exchanger tubes, designated Grades T91, TP304, etc. These steels are listed in Tables 1 and 2.
1.2 Grades containing the letter, H, in their designation, have requirements different from those of similar grades not containing the letter, H. These different requirements provide higher creep-rupture strength than normally achievable in similar grades without these different requirements.
1.3 The tubing sizes and thicknesses usually furnished to this specification are 1/8 in. [3.2 mm] in inside diameter to 5 in. [127 mm] in outside diameter and 0.015 to 0.500 in. [0.4 to 12.7 mm], inclusive, in minimum wall thickness or, if specified in the order, average wall thickness. Tubing having other diameters may be furnished, provided such tubes comply with all other requirements of this specification.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the “M” designation of this specification is specified in the order.
TABLE 1 Chemical Composition Limits, %A, for Low Alloy SteelA Maximum, unless range or minimum is indicated. Where ellipses (…) appear in this table, there is no requirement, and analysis for the element need not be determined or reported.
B It is permissible to order T2 and T12 with a sulfur content of 0.045 max. See 16.3.
C Alternatively, in lieu of this ratio minimum, the material shall have a minimum hardness of 275 HV in the hardened condition, defined as after austenitizing and cooling to room temperature but prior to tempering. Hardness testing shall be performed at mid-thickness of the product. Hardness test frequency shall be two samples of product per heat treatment lot and the hardness testing results shall be reported on the material test report.
AWS Specifications
3.1 Definitionx—For definitions of terms used in this speci- fication, refer to Terminology A 941.
4.1 It shall be the responsibility of the purchaser to specify all requirements that are necessary for products under this specification. Such requirements to be considered include, but are not limited to, the following:
4.1.1 Quantity (feet, metres, or number of lengths),
4.1.2 Name of material (seamless tubes),
4.1.3 Grade (Tables 1 and 2),
4.1.4 Condition (hot finished or cold finished),
4.1.5 Controlled structural characteristics (see 6.3),
4.1.6 Size (outside diameter and minimum wall thickness, unless average wall thickness is specified),
4.1.7 Length (specific or random),
4.1.8 Hydrostatic Test or Nondestructive Electric Test (see 10.1),
4.1.9 Specification designation and year of issue,
4.1.10 Increased sulfur (for machinability, see Note B, Table 1, and 15.3), and
4.1.11 Special requirements and any supplementary require- ments selected.
5.1 Product furnished to this specification shall conform to the requirements of Specification A 1016/A 1016M, including any supplementary requirements that are indicated in the purchase order. Failure to comply with the general require- ments of Specification A 1016/A 1016M constitutes noncon- formance with this specification. In case of conflict between the requirements of this specification and Specification A 1016/ A 1016M, this specification shall prevail.
6.1 Manufacture and Condition—Tubes shall be made by the seamless process and shall be either hot finished or cold finished, as specified. Grade TP347HFG shall be cold finished.
6.2 Heat Treatment:
6.2.1 Ferritic Alloy and Ferritic Stainlexx Steelx—The fer- ritic alloy and ferritic stainless steels shall be reheated for heat treatment in accordance with the requirements of Table 3. Heat treatment shall be carried out separately and in addition to heating for hot forming.
6.2.2 Auxtenitic Stainlexx Steelx—All austenitic tubes shall be furnished in the heat-treated condition, and shall be heat treated in accordance with the requirements of Table 3. Alter- natively, immediately after hot forming, while the temperature of the tubes is not less than the minimum solution treatment temperature specified in Table 3, tubes may be individually quenched in water or rapidly cooled by other means (direct quenched).
6.3 If any controlled structural characteristics are required, these shall be so specified in the order as to be a guide as to the most suitable heat treatment.
Grade | UNS Designation | C | Mn | P | S | Si | Nickel | Chromium | Molybdenum | Vana- | Boron | Niobium | Nitrogen | Aluminum | Tungsten |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T2 | K11547 | 0.10–0.20 | 0.30–0.61 | 0.025 | 0.025B | 0.10–0.30 | ... | 0.50–0.81 | 0.44–0.65 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
T5 | K41545 | 0.15 | 0.30–0.60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.5 | ... | 4.00–6.00 | 0.45–0.65 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
T5b | K51545 | 0.15 | 0.30–0.60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 1.00–2.00 | ... | 4.00–6.00 | 0.45–0.65 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
T5c | K41245 | 0.12 | 0.30–0.60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.5 | ... | 4.00–6.00 | 0.45–0.65 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
T9 | K90941 | 0.15 | 0.30–0.60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.25–1.00 | ... | 8.00–10.00 | 0.90–1.10 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
T11 | K11597 | 0.05–0.15 | 0.30–0.60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.50–1.00 | ... | 1.00–1.50 | 0.44–0.65 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
T12 | K11562 | 0.05–0.15 | 0.30–0.61 | 0.025 | 0.025B | 0.5 | ... | 0.80–1.25 | 0.44–0.65 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
T17 | K12047 | 0.15–0.25 | 0.30–0.61 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.15–0.35 | ... | 0.80–1.25 | ... | 0.15 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
T21 | K31545 | 0.05–0.15 | 0.30–0.60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.50–1.00 | ... | 2.65–3.35 | 0.80–1.06 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
T22 | K21590 | 0.05–0.15 | 0.30–0.60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.5 | ... | 1.90–2.60 | 0.87–1.13 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
T23 | K40712 | 0.04–0.10 | 0.10–0.60 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 1.90–2.60 | 0.05–0.30 | 0.20–0.30 | 0.0010–0.006 | 0.02–0.08 | 0.015 | 0.03 | 1.45–1.75 |
T24 | K30736 | 0.05–0.10 | 0.30–0.70 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.15–0.45 | ... | 2.20–2.60 | 0.90–1.10 | 0.20–0.30 | 0.0015–0.007 | ... | 0.012 | 0.02 | ... |
T36 | K21001 | 0.10–0.17 | 0.80–1.20 | 0.03 | 0.025 | 0.25–0.50 | 1.00–1.30 | 0.3 | 0.25–0.50 | 0.02 | ... | 0.015–0.045 | 0.02 | 0.05 | ... |
T91 | K90901 | 0.07–0.14 | 0.30–0.60 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.20–0.50 | 0.4 | 8.0–9.5 | 0.85–1.05 | 0.18–0.25 | ... | 0.06–0.10 | 0.030–0.07 | 0.02 | ... |
T92 | K92460 | 0.07–0.13 | 0.30–0.60 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 8.5–9.5 | 0.30–0.60 | 0.15–0.25 | 0.001–0.006 | 0.04–0.09 | 0.030–0.07 | 0.02 | 1.5–2.00 |
T122 | K91271 | 0.07–0.14 | 0.7 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 10.0–11.5 | 0.25–0.60 | 0.15–0.30 | 0.0005–0.005 | 0.04–0.10 | 0.040– | 0.02 | 1.50–2.50 |
T911 | K91061 | 0.09–0.13 | 0.30–0.60 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.10–0.50 | 0.4 | 8.5–9.5 | 0.90–1.10 | 0.18–0.25 | 0.0003–0.006 | 0.06–0.10 | 0.040–0.09 | 0.02 | 0.90–1.10 |
Grade | Tensile strength (Mpa) | Yield point(Mpa) not less than | Elongation(%) not less than | Impact(J) not less than | Hardness not less than |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
A213 T2/SA213 T2 | ≥415 | 205 | " | 85HRB | |
A213 T11/SA213 T11 | ≥415 | 205 | " | 85HRB | |
A213 T22/SA213 T22 | ≥415 | 205 | " | 85HRB | |
A213 T23/SA213 T23 | ≥510 | 400 | 20 | " | 97HRB |
A213 T24/SA213 T24 | ≥585 | 415 | 20 | " | 25HRB |
A213 T91/SA213 T91 | ≥585 | 415 | 20 | " | 25HRB |
A213 T911/SA213 T911 | ≥620 | 440 | 20 | " | 25HRB |
A213 T22/SA213 T92 | ≥620 | 440 | 20 | " | 25HRB |
A213 T122/SA213 T122 | ≥620 | 400 | 20 | 25HRB | |
TP304H | ≥515 | 205 | 35 | 90HRB | |
TP316H | ≥515 | 205 | 35 | 90HRB | |
TP321H | ≥515 | 205 | 35 | 90HRB | |
TP347H | ≥515 | 205 | 35 | 90HRB | |
S30432 | ≥590 | 235 | 35 | 95HRB | |
TP310HCbN | ≥655 | 295 | 30 | 100HRB |
NPS, inch | Outside Diameter(mm) | Wall Thickness(mm) | Max. Length(M) |
---|---|---|---|
1/8 | 10,3 | 1,24; 1,73; 2,40 | 12 |
1/4 | 13,7 | 1,65; 2,24; 3,02 | |
3/8 | 17,1 | 1,65; 2,31; 3,20 | |
1/2 | 21,3 | 1,65; 2,11; 2,77; 3,73 | |
3/4 | 26,7 | 1,65; 2,11; 2,87; 3,91 | |
1 | 33,4 | 1,65; 2,77; 3,38; 4,55 | 10 |
1.25 | 42,4 | 1,65; 2,77; 3,56; 4,85 | |
1.5 | 48,3 | 2,77; 3,68; 5,08 | |
2 | 60,3 | 3,91; 5,54 | 7 |
2.5 | 73,0 | 5,16; 7,01 |
5.1 Product furnished to this specification shall conform to the requirements of Specification A 1016/A 1016M, including any supplementary requirements that are indicated in the purchase order. Failure to comply with the general require- ments of Specification A 1016/A 1016M constitutes noncon- formance with this specification. In case of conflict between the requirements of this specification and Specification A 1016/ A 1016M, this specification shall prevail.
6.1 Manufacture and Condition—Tubes shall be made by the seamless process and shall be either hot finished or cold finished, as specified. Grade TP347HFG shall be cold finished.
6.2 Heat Treatment:
6.2.1 Ferritic Alloy and Ferritic Stainlexx Steelx—The fer- ritic alloy and ferritic stainless steels shall be reheated for heat treatment in accordance with the requirements of Table 3. Heat treatment shall be carried out separately and in addition to heating for hot forming.
6.2.2 Auxtenitic Stainlexx Steelx—All austenitic tubes shall be furnished in the heat-treated condition, and shall be heat treated in accordance with the requirements of Table 3. Alter- natively, immediately after hot forming, while the temperature of the tubes is not less than the minimum solution treatment temperature specified in Table 3, tubes may be individually quenched in water or rapidly cooled by other means (direct quenched).
6.3 If any controlled structural characteristics are required, these shall be so specified in the order as to be a guide as to the most suitable heat treatment.
ASTM A213 Specification covers material containing alloy steels, Ferritic and Austenitic steels, Austenitic stainless steel is the most used group due to their properties, common designated grades are listed, in table 1 for chemical composition, table 2 for mechanical properties and solution temperature.
Grade | C | Si | Mn | Cr | Ni | Mo | S | P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TP304 | 0,08 | 1,0 | 2 | 18 – 20 | 8 – 11 | – | 0,03 | 0,045 |
TP304L | 0,035 | 1,0 | 2 | 18 – 20 | 8 – 12 | – | 0,03 | 0,045 |
TP316 | 0,08 | 1,0 | 2 | 16 – 18 | 11 – 14 | 2 – 3 | 0,03 | 0,045 |
TP316L | 0,035 | 1,0 | 2 | 16 – 18 | 10 – 14 | 2 – 3 | 0,03 | 0,045 |
TP321 | 0,08 | 1,0 | 2 | 17 – 19 | 9 – 12 | – | 0,03 | 0,045 |
Grade | Tensile Strength(Mpa) | Yield Point(Mpa) | Elongation(%) | Hardness(HRB) | Solution Temperature |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
TP304 | 515 | 205 | 35 | 90 | 1040 |
TP304L | 485 | 170 | 35 | 90 | 1040 |
TP316 | 515 | 205 | 35 | 90 | 1040 |
TP316L | 485 | 170 | 35 | 90 | 1040 |
TP321 | 515 | 205 | 35 | 90 | 1040 |
This all seems to have changed now, thankfully because of the advent of new technological advancements and developments. Due to this, many new processes have surfaced that makes the whole manufacturing process of seamless tubes, easy and cost-effective. But the most popular process that has caught on with many manufacturers in the process of continuous tube mill. No forge welding or filler metal is used in this new technique.
The stainless steel sheets undergo several checks before getting picked to roll. While preparing them, the first step is to trim them around the edges.
The sheets are then passed through many rollers to match the required size. In this step, you can see the sheets progressing into tubular shapes.
In this step, the tubular shape has to go through a fitted welding machine. The inside of these tubular shapes, i.e., the weld beads and scraps are removed, thus giving you perfectly rolled tubes.
After the stainless sheets have a basic rolled structure, it goes through the process of cleaning and heating. This depends upon the clients’ requirements. The stainless steel tubes are cleaned thoroughly to remove dirt before the heating process begins. Heating is used to remove the possible stress on the seamless tubes and let it have a seamless shape. The tubular shape is rolled in a hot furnace that has temperature controllers and recorders. The heating process helps the tubes to be straightened and open to pickling and removing the scales from its surface.
Many clients have a peculiar tube requirement that will not match the seamless tubes rolled out directly from the mills. For this reason, another process of cold-drawing is to be performed to achieve the desired size.
To manufacture cold-drawn seamless tubes, the manufacturer first coats the tube with soap and oxalic solution. The solution helps to reduce the friction caused due to this process, by acting as a lubricant. Later, the seamless tubes are benched with the help of Die plugs.
The final touches include ink jet marking on the seamless tubes, that educates the exporters about the tube’s grade, material, heat number, size, and a third party inspection stamp. Followed right after this are several stringent quality checks and appropriate packaging, making these seamless tubes ready for dispatch.
There are several industries that need seamless tubes in different alloys to have varied tensile strength. Thus many manufacturers produce the alloy steel Seamless tube. The most popular among these alloy steel seamless tubes are a carbon steel seamless tube.
Each tube shall be subjected to the nondestructive electric test or hydrostatic test, Manufacturer Material Test Certification as per EN 10204 3.1 should be provided.