Vessel heads are very varied used in candle holders to pipe end-pieces or pressure vessels in equipment construction.
We manufacture a wide range of vessel heads to works standards, both for construction purposes and as dished vessel heads in the form of torispherical heads, elliptical heads and caps for pressure applications.
DISDHED PLATES
HEADS
TORISPHERICAL HEADS
VESSEL HEADS d
And if a central hole is needed for connections, this can also be provided.
lifting and handling of a Pressure vessel
Vessels used to store liquids at low pressure are normally fitted with flat end sections. This is the cheapest way of enclosing the end of a vessel. For storage of fluids at higher pressures, the ends are normally domed to reduce mechanical stresses.
A number of different domed head designs are used.
Here you can see our range of vessel heads:(hover for more information)
For pressures over 10 bar, ellipsoidal heads are often used. In cross-section, the head resembles an ellipse, its radius varying continuously. This results in a smooth transition between the dome and the cylindrical part of the vessel. Ellipsodial heads are deeper than comparable torispherical heads.
Torispherical head Dimensional Characteristics:
Compared with elliptical head, due to its easier manufacturing processes, the torispherical head is often used in addition to the pressure is larger diameter pressure vessel.
With the same same design conditions with the same design pressure, design temperature and material, your calculated wall thickness under internal pressure will be approximately half of the shell thickness.
For example, if you have calculated your shell thickness under internal pressure and obtained 12 mm, your hemispherical head thickness also will be approximately 6 mm.
The inside depth of your Torispherical head will be one-half of head inside diameter (h = D/2).
Dimensional Inspection of Pressure Torispherical head
You need to make a dimensional inspection on the pressure Torispherical head for any effort for the fit-up process. The dimensional inspection is done on the knuckle radius, crown radius, skirt length, depth and thickness.
We are manufacturer of End caps 48inch api 5l x46 carbon steel din28011 and supply high quality End caps 48inch api 5l x46 carbon steel din28011 in both large and small quantities worldwide and offer you the best prices in the market.
Pipeline steel plate API 5L PSL1 X46 and Pipeline steel coil API 5L PSL1 X46 are mainly used in making steel pipes for pipeline which transporting oil and gas.
Technical Requirements & Additional Services:
Drop weight test (DWTT)
Low temperature impacting test
Ultrasonic test under EN 10160,ASTM A435,A577,A578
Issued Orginal Mill test certificate under EN 10204 FORMAT 3.1/3.2
Shot blasting and Painting,Cutting and welding as per end user’s demands
What is pipeline steel plate (steel coil)
As we know line pipe or casing and tubing have two different manufacturing types, seamless and welded. So pipeline steel plate is used to make welded line pipe, including ERW, LSAW, SSAW welding processes. Further more, casing and tubing in API 5CT standard could also be made in welded ERW type, so pipeline steel plate and coils also covers these pipes. (But in most cases, casing and tubing are required in seamless types.)
SunnySteel supplies pipeline steel plate (steel coil) in API 5L and API 5CT. Applied for manufacturing line pipes, casing and tubing.
Product Attributes
Carbon steel caps manufactured using superior grade raw materials. Carbon steel caps are used for connecting pipes of different diameters and find wide applications in various chemicals, construction industries, paper, cement & ship builders.
End Connection: Butt Weld
Body Material: Carbon Steel
Body Material Spec: ASTM A234 WPB
Schedule: Sch 40 (Std)
Specification: B16.9
Specification Type: ANSI
ASME / ANSI B16.9 dimension
Nominal
Outside Diameter
90° Elbows
45° Elbows
180° Returns
Pipe Size
Long Radius
Short Radius
Long Radius
Long Radius
(inches)
(mm)
(inches)
Center to Face
Center to Face
Center to Face
Radius
Center to Center
Back to face
(inches)
(inches)
(inches)
(inches)
(inches)
(inches)
1/2
21.3
0.84
1.5
–
5/8
2
1.875
3/4
26.7
1.05
1.125
–
7/16
2.25
1.6875
1
33.4
1.315
1.5
1
7/8
3
2.1875
1.25
42.2
1.66
1.875
1.25
1
3.75
2.75
1.5
48.3
1.9
2.25
1.5
1.125
3
4.5
3.25
2
60.3
2.375
3
2
1.375
4
6
4.1875
2.5
73
2.875
3.75
2.5
1.75
5
7.5
5.1875
3
88.9
3.5
4.5
3
2
6
9
6.25
3.5
101.6
4
5.25
3.5
2.25
7
10.5
7.25
4
114.3
4.5
6
4
2.5
8
12
8.25
5
141.3
5.563
7.5
5
3.125
10
15
10.3125
6
168.3
6.625
9
6
3.75
12
18
12.3125
8
219.1
8.625
12
8
5
12
24
16.3125
10
273.1
10.75
15
10
6.25
15
30
20.375
12
323.9
12.75
18
12
7.5
18
36
24.375
Pipe caps are widely well-known for the utmost output and outstanding results that it gives.
Out diameter: 1/2″-60″ DN15-DN1500
Wall Thickness: sch10-80s
Pressure: SCH5 to SCH160v
Max. wall thickness: 200mm
Surface treatment:
Transparent oil, rust-proof black oil or hot galvanized.
Special design available All the production process are made according to ISO9001:2000 strictly.
Based on different materials, pipe caps include carbon steel cap, stainless steel cap, and alloy steel cap etc.
Depending on their construction, pipe caps contain threaded cap, tapered cap and anti-roll cap etc.
Reasonable price with excellent quality
Abundant stock and prompt delivery
Rich supply and export experience, sincere service
Reliable forwarder, 2-hour away from port.
Bending, squeezing, pressing, forging, machining and more
Features
Pipe Caps are used for connecting pipes of different diameters and find wide applications in various chemicals, construction industries, paper, cement & ship builders.
Lifting and handling of a Pressure vessel
Pipe caps are widely well-known for the utmost output and outstanding results that it gives.
Size range:
Out diameter: 1/2″-60″ DN15-DN1500
Wall Thickness: sch10-80s
Pressure: SCH5 to SCH160v
Max. wall thickness: 200mm
Bending, squeezing, pressing, forging, machining and more
Size
Sunny Steel are Manufacturer, Exporter and Supplier of Pipe Cap. Pipe caps are widely well-known for the utmost output and outstanding results that it gives. Pipe Cap manufactured using superior grade raw materials.
Pipe Cap are used for connecting pipes of different diameters and find wide applications in various chemicals, construction industries, paper, cement & ship builders
Based on different materials, pipe caps include carbon steel cap, stainless steel cap, and alloy steel cap etc.
Depending on their construction, pipe caps contain threaded cap, tapered cap and anti-roll cap etc.
End Caps DIN 2617 dimensions standard
Outside diameter
Wall thickness
Height
Weight
mm
mm
mm
kg
D
s1
21,3
2,0
25,0
0,060
26,9
2,3
32,0
0,070
33,7
2,6
38,0
0,110
3,2
0,130
42,4
2,6
38,0
0,130
3,6
0,170
48,3
2,6
38,0
0,200
4,0
0,230
60,3
2,9
38,0
0,280
4,5
0,320
76,1
2,9
38,0
0,340
5,0
0,390
88,9
3,2
51,0
0,530
5,6
0,700
108,0
3,6
64,0
1,000
114,3
3,6
64,0
1,000
6,3
1,500
133,0
4,0
76,0
1,600
139,7
4,0
76,0
1,700
6,3
2,500
159,0
4,5
90,0
2,400
168,3
4,5
89,0
2,650
7,1
3,550
219,0
6,3
100,0
5,550
8,0
6,700
273,0
6,3
127,0
8,800
323,9
7,1
152,0
14,000
355,6
8,0
165,0
16,500
406,4
8,8
178,0
18,200
508,0
11,0
229,0
38,000
DIN 28011 pipe end cap dimensions
ISO - dimensions
dimensions d1 x s
height L
weight / kg
21,3 x 2,0
9,0
0,01
26,9 x 2,0
9,0
0,01
33,7 x 2,0
13,0
0,02
42,4 x 2,0
13,0
0,04
48,3 x 2,0
13,5
0,05
60,3 x 2,0
18,5
0,07
76,1 x 2,0
20,5
0,10
88,9 x 2,0
25,0
0,15
114,3 x 2,0
28,0
0,26
114,3 x 3,0
29,0
0,39
139,7 x 3,0
38,5
0,60
168,3 x 3,0
47,5
0,90
219,1 x 3,0
63,5
1,32
273,0 x 3,0
93,0
1,95
323,9 x 3,0
102,0
2,70
355,6 x 3,0
109,0
3,80
406,4 x 3,0
123,0
5,00
457,2 x 3,0
123,0
6,10
508,0 x 3,0
133,0
7,60
Metric dimensions
dimensions d1 x s
height L
weight / kg
20,0 x 2,0
9,0
0,02
25,0 x 2,0
9,0
0,03
30,0 x 2,0
13,5
0,03
35,0 x 2,0
13,5
0,04
44,0 x 2,0
15,0
0,04
54,0 x 2,0
15,0
0,05
70,0 x 2,0
19,5
0,07
84,0 x 2,0
24,0
0,15
104,0 x 2,0
28,0
0,20
129,0 x 2,0
37,0
0,36
154,0 x 2,0
43,0
0,50
156,0 x 3,0
44,0
0,94
204,0 x 2,0
62,0
0,80
206,0 x 3,0
63,0
1,20
254,0 x 2,0
72,0
1,30
256,0 x 3,0
73,0
1,95
306,0 x 3,0
83,0
2,50
Cap geometry
Out diameter
High size
Wall thickness accord to 'E'
DN
NPS
E
E1
E
15
1/2
25
25
3.73
20
3/4
25
25
3.91
25
1
38
38
4.55
32
1 1/4
38
38
4.85
40
1 1/2
38
38
5.08
50
2
38
44
5.54
65
2 1/2
38
51
7.01
80
3
51
64
7.62
90
3 1/2
64
76
8.08
100
4
64
76
8.56
125
5
76
89
9.53
150
6
89
102
10.97
200
8
102
127
12.7
250
10
127
152
12.7
300
12
152
178
12.7
350
14
165
191
12.7
400
16
178
203
12.7
450
18
203
229
12.7
500
20
229
254
12.7
550
22
254
254
12.7
600
24
267
305
12.7
650
26
267
700
28
267
750
30
267
800
32
267
850
34
267
900
36
267
950
38
305
1000
40
305
1050
42
305
1100
44
343
1150
46
343
1200
48
343
Theoretical weight of cap fittings
D(inch)
DN
OD
SCH5s
SCH10s
SCH10
SCH20
SCH30
SCH40s
STD
SCH40
1/8"
6
10.3
-
1.24
1.73
1.73
1.73
1/4"
8
13.7
-
1.65
-
-
-
2.24
2.24
2.24
3/8"
10
17.1
-
1.65
-
-
-
2.31
2.31
2.31
1/2"
15
21.3
1.65
2.11
-
-
-
2.77
2.77
2.77
3/4"
20
26.7
1.65
2.11
-
-
-
2.87
2.87
2.87
1"
25
33.4
1.65
2.77
-
-
-
3.38
3.38
3.38
11/4"
32
42.2
1.65
2.77
-
-
-
3.56
3.56
3.56
11/2"
40
48.3
1.65
2.77
-
-
-
3.68
3.68
3.68
2"
50
60.3
1.65
2.77
-
-
-
3.91
3.91
3.91
21/2"
65
73
2.11
3.05
-
-
-
5.16
5.16
5.16
3"
80
88.9
2.11
3.05
-
-
-
5.49
5.49
5.49
31/2"
90
101.6
2.11
3.05
-
-
-
5.74
5.74
5.74
4"
100
114.3
2.11
3.05
-
-
-
6.02
6.02
6.02
5"
125
141.3
2.77
3.4
-
-
-
6.55
6.55
6.55
6"
150
168.3
2.77
3.4
-
-
-
7.11
7.11
7.11
8"
200
219.1
2.77
3.76
-
6.35
7.04
8.18
8.18
8.18
10"
250
273.1
3.4
4.19
-
6.35
7.8
9.27
9.27
9.27
12"
300
323.9
3.96
4.57
-
6.35
8.83
9.53
9.53
10.31
14"
350
355.6
3.96
4.78
6.35
7.92
9.53
-
9.53
11.13
16"
400
406.4
4.19
4.78
6.35
7.92
9.53
-
9.53
12.7
18"
450
457.2
4.19
4.78
6.35
7.92
11.13
-
9.53
14.27
20"
500
508
4.78
5.54
6.35
9.53
12.7
-
9.53
15.09
22"
550
558.8
4.78
5.54
6.35
9.53
12.7
-
9.53
24"
600
609.6
5.54
6.35
6.35
9.53
14.27
-
9.53
17.48
26"
650
660.4
-
-
7.92
12.7
-
-
9.53
-
28"
700
711.2
-
-
7.92
12.7
15.88
-
9.53
-
30"
750
762
6.35
7.92
7.92
12.7
15.88
-
9.53
-
32"
800
812.8
-
-
7.92
12.7
15.88
-
9.53
17.48
34"
850
863.6
-
-
7.92
12.7
15.88
-
9.53
17.48
36"
900
914.4
-
-
7.92
12.7
15.88
-
9.53
19.05
38"
950
965.2
-
-
-
-
-
-
9.53
-
40"
1000
1016
-
-
-
-
-
-
9.53
-
42"
1050
1066.8
-
-
-
-
-
-
9.53
-
44"
1100
1117.6
-
-
-
-
-
-
9.53
-
46"
1150
1168.4
-
-
-
-
-
-
9.53
-
48"
1200
1219.2
-
-
-
-
-
-
9.53
-
Standard
Pipe fitting dimensions are in either metric or Standard English. Because pipe fitting covers Pipe Fitting Dimensions several aspects, only the most common pipe fitting sizes can be given here. The most applied version is the 90° long radius and the 45° elbow, while the 90° short radius elbow is applied if there is too little space. The function of a 180° elbow is to change direction of flow through 180°. Both, the LR and the SR types have a center to center dimension double the matching 90° elbows. These fittings will generally be used in furnesses or other heating or cooling units.
Some of the standards that apply to buttwelded fittings are listed below. Many organizations such as ASME, ASTM, ISO, MSS, etc. have very well developed standards and specifications for buttwelded fittings. It is always up to the designer to ensure that they are following the applicable standard and company specification, if available, during the design process.
Some widely used pipe fitting standards are as follows:
ASME: American Society for Mechanical Engineers This is one of the reputed organizations in the world developing codes and standards. The schedule number for pipe fitting starts from ASME/ANSI B16. The various classifications of ASME/ANSI B16 standards for different pipe fittings are as follows:
ASME/ANSI B16.1 – 1998 – Cast Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings
ASME/ANSI B16.3 – 1998 – Malleable Iron Threaded Fittings
ASME/ANSI B16.4 – 1998 – Cast Iron Threaded Fittings
ASME/ANSI B16.5 – 1996 – Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings
ASTM International: American Society for Testing and Materials This is one of the largest voluntary standards development organizations in the world. It was originally known as the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM).
ASTM A105 / A105M – Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings for Piping Applications
ASTM A234 / A234M – Specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel for Moderate and High Temperature Service
ASTM A420 / A420M – Standard Specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel for Low-Temperature Service
AWWA: American Water Works Association
AWWA About – Established in 1881, the American Water Works Association is the largest nonprofit, scientific and educational association dedicated to managing and treating water, the world’s most important resource.
AWWA C110 – Ductile-Iron and Gray-Iron Fittings, 3 Inch Through 48 Inch (75 mm Through 1200 mm), for Water and Other Liquids
AWWA C208 – Dimensions for Fabricated Steel Water Pipe Fittings
ANSI: The American National Standards Institute
ANSI is a private, non-profit organization. Its main function is to administer and coordinate the U.S. voluntary standardization and conformity assessment system. It provides a forum for development of American national standards. ANSI assigns “schedule numbers”. These numbers classify wall thicknesses for different pressure uses.
MSS STANDARDS: Manufacturers Standardization Society The Manufacturers Standardization Society (MSS) of the Valve and Fittings Industry is a non-profit technical association organized for development and improvement of industry, national and international codes and standards for: Valves, Valve Actuators, Valve Modification, Pipe Fittings, Pipe Hangers, Pipe Supports, Flanges and Associated Seals
MSS SP-43 – Wrought Stainless Steel Butt-Welding Fittings Including Reference to Other Corrosion Resistant Materials
MSS SP-75 – Specifications for High Test Wrought Buttwelding Fittings
MSS SP-73 – Brazing Joints for Copper and Copper Alloy Pressure Fittings
MSS SP-83 – Class 3000 Steel Pipe Unions, Socket-Welding and Threaded
MSS SP-106 – Cast Copper Alloy Flanges and Flanged Fittings Class 125,150, and 300
MSS SP-119 – Factory-Made Wrought Belled End Socket Welding Fittings
Difference between “Standard” and “Codes”:
Piping codes imply the requirements of design, fabrication, use of materials, tests and inspection of various pipe and piping system. It has a limited jurisdiction defined by the code. On the other hand, piping standards imply application design and construction rules and requirements for pipe fittings like adapters, flanges, sleeves, elbows, union, tees, valves etc. Like a code, it also has a limited scope defined by the standard.
Factors affecting standards: “Standards” on pipe fittings are based on certain factors like as follows:
Pressure-temperature ratings
Size
Design
Coatings
Materials
Marking
End connections
Dimensions and tolerances
Threading
Pattern taper etc.
BSP: British Standard Pipe
BSP is the U.K. standard for pipe fittings. This refers to a family of standard screw thread types for interconnecting and sealing pipe ends by mating an external (male) with an internal (female) thread. This has been adopted internationally. It is also known as British Standard Pipe Taper threads (BSPT )or British Standard Pipe Parallel (Straight) threads (BSPP ). While the BSPT achieves pressure tight joints by the threads alone, the BSPP requires a sealing ring.
JIS: Japanese Industrial Standards
This is the Japanese industrial standards or the standards used for industrial activities in Japan for pipe, tube and fittings and published through Japanese Standards Associations.
NPT: National Pipe Thread
National Pipe Thread is a U.S. standard straight (NPS) threads or for tapered (NPT) threads. This is the most popular US standard for pipe fittings. NPT fittings are based on the internal diameter (ID) of the pipe fitting.
BOLTS & NUTS
We are manufacturer of Flange bolts & Nuts and supply high quality
A193 = This specification covers alloy and stainless steel bolting material for pressure vessels, Valves, flanges, and fittings for high temperature or high pressure service, or other special purpose applications.
A320 = Standard Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting Materials for Low-Temperature Service.
A194 = Standard specification for nuts in many different material types.
AN: Here, “A” stands for Army and “N” stands for Navy
The AN standard was originally designed for the U.S. Military. Whenever, a pipe fitting is AN fittings, it means that the fittings are measured on the outside diameter of the fittings, that is, in 1/16 inch increments.
For example, an AN 4 fitting means a fitting with an external diameter of approximately 4/16″ or ¼”. It is to be noted that approximation is important because AN external diameter is not a direct fit with an equivalent NPT thread.
Dash (-) size
Dash size is the standard used to refer to the inside diameter of a hose. This indicates the size by a two digit number which represents the relative ID in sixteenths of an inch. This is also used interchangeably with AN fittings. For example, a Dash “8” fitting means an AN 8 fitting.
ISO: International Organization for Standardization
ISO is the industrial pipe, tube and fittings standards and specifications from the International Organization for Standardization. ISO standards are numbered. They have format as follows:
“ISO[/IEC] [IS] nnnnn[:yyyy] Title” where
nnnnn: standard number
yyyy: year published, and
Title: describes the subject
How are pipe fittings measured?
Pipe fittings are measured by their diameter, wall thickness (known as “schedule”), and shape or configuration. (Fittings are also defined by their material grade and whether they are welded or seamless.)
Diameter refers to outside diameter of a pipe or fitting.
The North American standard is known as Nominal Pipe Size (NPS). The International Standard is known as Diameter Nominal (DN). Pipes and fittings are actually made in similar sizes around the world: they are just labeled differently.
From ½ in to 12 inch “Nominal Pipe Size”, outside diameters are slightly larger than indicated size; inside diameters get smaller as schedules grow.
From 14 in and larger “Nominal Pipe Size”, outside diameters are exactly as indicated size; inside diameters get smaller as schedules grow. As with other North American standards (inch, foot, yard, mile, …), many pipe standards (diameters up to 12 inch and wall thickness) are based on historical precedents (a toolmaker’s dies during US Civil War) rather than a “scientific” method.
Schedule Numbers
The schedule numbers are used by the ANSI (American National Standards Institute) to denote wall thickness. The schedule numbers encompass all pipe dimensions beginning at NPS 1/8” up NPS 36”. Note that this configuration is only for fittings that match with a particular ANSI schedule number.
Nominal Pipe Size (NPS) is a North American set of standard sizes for pipes used for high or low pressures and temperatures.
Schedule, often shortened as sch, is a North American standard that refers to wall thickness of a pipe or pipe fitting. Higher schedules mean thicker walls that can resist higher pressures.
Pipe standards define these wall thicknesses: SCH 5, 5S, 10, 10S, 20, 30, 40, 40S, 60, 80, 80S, 100, 120, 140, 160, STD, XS and XXS. (S following a number is for stainless steel. Sizes without an S are for carbon steel.)
Higher schedules are heavier, require more material and are therefore more costly to make and install.
What does “schedule” mean for pipe fittings?
Schedule, often shortened as SCH, is a North American standard that refers to wall thickness of a pipe or pipe fitting.
What is schedule 40, SCH80?
Higher schedules mean thicker walls that can resist higher pressures.
Pipe standards define these wall thicknesses: SCH 5, 5S, 10, 10S, 20, 30, 40, 40S, 60, 80, 80S, 100, 120, 140, 160, STD, XS and XXS. (S following a number is for stainless steel. Sizes without an S are for carbon steel.)
Higher schedules are heavier, require more material and are therefore more costly to make and install.
General standard
Standard
Specification
ASTM A234
Standard Specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel for Moderate and High Temperature Service
ASTM A420
Standard Specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel for Low-Temperature Service
ASTM A234 WPB
ASTM A234 is Standard Specification for steel pipe fittings includes carbon and alloy steel material for moderate and high temperature services. WPB is one of the steel grade in this standard
ASME B16.9
ASME B16.9 Standard covers overall dimensions, tolerances,ratings, testing, and markings for factory-made wrought buttwelding fittings in sizes NPS 1⁄2 through NPS 48 (DN 15 through DN 1200).
ASME B16.28
ASME B16.28 Standard covers ratings, overall dimensions, testing, tolerances, and markings for wrought carbon and alloy steel buttwelding short radius elbows and returns.
MSS SP-97
MSS SP-97 Standard Practice covers essential dimensions, finish, tolerances, testing, marking, material, and minimum strength requirements for 90 degree integrally reinforced forged branch outlet fittings of buttwelding, socket welding, and threaded types.
ASTM A403
Standard Specification for Wrought Austenitic Stainless Steel Piping Fittings.
Wide variety for all areas of application
DIN
EN
ASME
St 35.8 I
St 35.8 III
15 Mo 3
13 CrMo 4 4
10 CrMo 9 10
St 35 N
St 52.0
St 52.4
ASTM A234/ASME SA234M standard specification for piping fittings of wrought carbon steel and alloy steel for moderate and high temperature service.
Chemical Composition (%) of ASTM A234/A234M
Grade
Type
C
Si
S
P
Mn
Cr
Ni
Mo
Other
ób
ós
δ5
WPB
0.3
0.1min
0.058
0.05
0.29-1.06
0.4
0.4
0.15
V:0.06;Nb:0.02
415-585
240
22
197
WPC
0.35
0.1min
0.058
0.05
0.29-1.06
0.4
0.4
0.15
V:0.06;Nb:0.02
485-655
275
22
197
WP1
0.28
0.1-0.5
0.045
0.045
0.3-0.9
0.44-0.65
380-550
205
22
197
WP12 CL1
0.05-0.2
0.6
0.045
0.045
0.3-0.8
0.8-1.25
0.44-0.65
415-585
220
22
197
WP12 CL2
0.05-0.2
0.6
0.045
0.045
0.3-0.8
0.8-1.25
0.44-0.65
485-655
275
22
197
WP11 CL1
0.05-0.15
0.5-1
0.03
0.03
0.3-0.6
1-1.5
0.44-0.65
415-585
205
22
197
WP11 CL2
0.05-0.2
0.5-1
0.04
0.04
0.3-0.8
1-1.5
0.44-0.65
485-655
275
22
197
WP11 CL3
0.05-0.2
0.5-1
0.04
0.04
0.3-0.8
1-1.5
0.44-0.65
520-690
310
22
197
WP22 CL1
0.05-0.15
0.5
0.04
0.04
0.3-0.6
1.9-2.6
0.87-1.13
415-585
205
22
197
WP22 CL3
0.05-0.15
0.5
0.04
0.04
0.3-0.6
1.9-2.6
0.87-1.13
520-690
310
22
197
WP5 CL1
0.15
0.5
0.03
0.04
0.3-0.6
4-6
0.44-0.65
415-585
205
22
217
WP5 CL3
0.15
0.5
0.03
0.04
0.3-0.6
4-6
0.44-0.65
520-690
310
22
217
WP9 CL1
0.15
1
0.03
0.03
0.3-0.6
8-10
0.9-1.1
415-585
205
22
217
WP9 CL3
0.15
1
0.03
0.03
0.3-0.6
8-10
0.9-1.1
520-690
310
22
217
WPR
0.2
0.05
0.045
0.4-1.06
1.6-2.24
435-605
315
22/28
217
WP91
0.08-0.12
0.2-0.5
0.01
0.02
0.3-0.6
8-9.5
0.4
0.85-1.05
See sdandard
585-760
415
20
248
WP911
0.09-0.13
0.1-0.5
0.01
0.02
0.3-0.6
8.5-10.5
0.4
0.9-1.1
See sdandard
620-840
440
20
248
Notes:
For each reduction of 0.01% below the specified C maximum, an increase of 0.06% Mn above the specified maximum will be permitted, up to a maximum of 1.35%.
The sum of Cu, Ni, Cr, and Mo shall not exceed 1.00%.
The sum of Cr and Mo shall not exceed 0.32%.
The maximum carbon equivalent (C.E.) shall be 0.50, based on heat analysis and the formula C.E.=C+Mn/6+(Cr+Mo+V)/5+(Ni+Cu)/15.
Mechanical properties of ASTM A234
Tensile Requirements
WPB
WPC, WP11CL2
WP11CL1
WP11CL3
Tensile Strength, min, ksi[MPa]
(0.2% offset or 0.5% extension-under-load)
60-85
[415-585]
70-95
[485-655]
60-85
[415-585]
75-100
[520-690]
Yield Strength, min, ksi[MPa]
32
[240]
40
[275]
30
[205]
45
[310]
ASTM A403
ASTM A403 Standard specification covers the standard for wrought austenitic stainless steel fittings for pressure piping applications.
Chemical Composition (%) of ASTM A403
Steel No.
Type
C
Si
S
P
Mn
Cr
Ni
Mo
Other
ób
ós
δ5
WP304
0.08
1
0.03
0.045
2
18-20
8-11
515
205
28
WP304H
0.04-0.1
1
0.03
0.045
2
18-20
8-11
515
205
28
WP304L
0.035
1
0.03
0.045
2
18-20
8-13
485
170
28
WP304LN
0.03
0.75
0.03
0.045
2
18-20
8-10.5
N2:0.1-0.16
515
205
28
WP304N
0.08
0.75
0.03
0.045
2
18-20
8-11
N2:0.1-0.16
550
240
28
WP309
0.15
1
0.03
0.045
2
22-24
12-15
515
205
28
WP310
0.15
1.5
0.03
0.045
2
24-26
19-22
515
205
28
WP316
0.08
1
0.03
0.045
2
16-18
10-14
2-3
515
205
28
WP316H
0.04-0.1
1
0.03
0.045
2
16-18
10-14
2-3
515
205
28
WP316LN
0.03
0.75
0.03
0.045
2
16-18
11-14
2-3
N2:0.1-0.16
515
205
28
WP316L
0.035
1
0.03
0.045
2
16-18
10-16
2-3
485
170
28
WP316N
0.08
0.75
0.03
0.045
2
16-18
11-14
2-3
N2:0.1-0.16
550
240
28
WP317
0.08
1
0.03
0.045
2
18-20
11-15
3-4
515
205
28
WP317L
0.03
1
0.03
0.045
2
18-20
11-15
3-4
515
205
28
WP321
0.08
1
0.03
0.045
2
17-20
9-13
Ti:5C-0.7
515
205
28
WP321H
0.04-0.1
1
0.03
0.045
2
17-20
9-13
Ti:4C-0.7
515
205
28
WP347
0.08
1
0.03
0.045
2
17-20
9-13
Nb+Ta:10C-1.1
515
205
28
WP347H
0.04-0.1
1
0.03
0.045
2
17-20
9-13
Nb+Ta:8C-1
515
205
28
WP348
0.08
1
0.03
0.045
2
17-20
9-13
Ta:0.1
515
205
28
WP348H
0.04-0.1
1
0.03
0.045
2
17-20
9-13
Ta:0.1
515
205
28
Notes:
For each reduction of 0.01% below the specified C maximum, an increase of 0.06% Mn above the specified maximum will be permitted, up to a maximum of 1.35%.
The sum of Cu, Ni, Cr, and Mo shall not exceed 1.00%.
The sum of Cr and Mo shall not exceed 0.32%.
The maximum carbon equivalent (C.E.) shall be 0.50, based on heat analysis and the formula C.E.=C+Mn/6+(Cr+Mo+V)/5+(Ni+Cu)/15.
Mechanical properties of ASTM A403
Grade
UNS
Tensile Strength, min
Yield Strength,min
Elongation min % in 4D
ksi
MPa
ksi
MPa
Longit %
Trans%
ALL
ALL
75
515
30
205
28
20
304L
S30403
70
485
25
170
28
20
316L
S31603
70
485
25
170
28
20
304N
S30451
80
550
35
240
28
20
316N
S31651
80
550
35
240
28
20
S31726
80
550
35
240
28
20
XM-19
S20910
100
690
55
380
28
20
S31254
94-119
650-820
44
300
28
20
S34565
115
795
60
415
28
20
S33228
73
500
27
185
28
20
Material Furnished to this specification shall conform to the requirements of specifications A960/A960M including any supplementary requirements that are indicates in the purchase order. Failure to company with the common requirements of Specification A960/A960M constitutes non-conformance with this specification . In case of conflict between this specification and Specification A960/A960M , this specification shall prevail.
ASTM A420
ASTM A420/A420M-07 standard specification for piping fittings of wrought carbon steel and alloy steel for low-temperature service.
ASTM A420 Chemical Composition Requirements
Elements
WPL6, %
WPL9, %
WPL3, %
WPL8, %
Carbon [C]
≤0.30
≤0.20
≤0.20
≤0.13
Manganese [Mn]
0.50-1.35
0.40-1.06
0.31-0.64
≤0.90
Phosphorus [P]
≤0.035
≤0.030
≤0.05
≤0.030
Sulfur [S]
≤0.040
≤0.030
≤0.05
≤0.030
Silicon [Si]
0.15-0.40
…
0.13-0.37
0.13-0.37
Nickel [Ni]
≤0.40
1.60-2.24
3.2-3.8
8.4-9.6
Chromium [Cr]
≤0.30
...
...
...
Molybdenum [Mo]
≤0.12
...
...
...
Copper [Cu]
≤0.40
0.75-1.25
…
…
Columbium [Cb]
≤0.02
...
...
...
Vanadium[V]
≤0.08
...
...
...
*For grade WPL6, the limit for Columbium may be increased up to 0.05% on heat analysis and 0.06% on product analysis.
*Fittings of WPL3 made from plate or forgings may have 0.90 % max manganese.
*Fittings of WPL8 made from plate may have 0.98 % max manganese.
ASTM A420 Mechanical Properties
ASTM A420/ A420M
Tensile Strength, min.
Yield Strength, min.
Elongation %, min
Grade
ksi
MPa
ksi
MPa
Longitudinal
Transverse
WPL6
65-95
415-655
35
240
22
12
WPL9
63-88
435-610
46
315
20
…
WPL3
65-90
450-620
35
240
22
14
WPL8
100-125
690-865
75
515
16
…
*All the elongation values are on the basis of standard round specimen, or small proportional specimen, min % in 4 D.
ASTM A234 is Standard Specification for steel pipe fittings includes carbon and alloy steel material for moderate and high temperature services.
ASME B16.9
ASME B16.9 Standard covers overall dimensions, tolerances,ratings, testing, and markings for factory-made wrought buttwelding fittings in sizes NPS 1⁄2 through NPS 48 (DN 15 through DN 1200).
ASME / ANSI B16.9 dimension
Nominal
Outside Diameter
90° Elbows
45° Elbows
180° Returns
Pipe Size
Long Radius
Short Radius
Long Radius
Long Radius
(inches)
(mm)
(inches)
Center to Face
Center to Face
Center to Face
Radius
Center to Center
Back to face
(inches)
(inches)
(inches)
(inches)
(inches)
(inches)
1/2
21.3
0.84
1.5
–
5/8
2
1.875
3/4
26.7
1.05
1.125
–
7/16
2.25
1.6875
1
33.4
1.315
1.5
1
7/8
3
2.1875
1.25
42.2
1.66
1.875
1.25
1
3.75
2.75
1.5
48.3
1.9
2.25
1.5
1.125
3
4.5
3.25
2
60.3
2.375
3
2
1.375
4
6
4.1875
2.5
73
2.875
3.75
2.5
1.75
5
7.5
5.1875
3
88.9
3.5
4.5
3
2
6
9
6.25
3.5
101.6
4
5.25
3.5
2.25
7
10.5
7.25
4
114.3
4.5
6
4
2.5
8
12
8.25
5
141.3
5.563
7.5
5
3.125
10
15
10.3125
6
168.3
6.625
9
6
3.75
12
18
12.3125
8
219.1
8.625
12
8
5
12
24
16.3125
10
273.1
10.75
15
10
6.25
15
30
20.375
12
323.9
12.75
18
12
7.5
18
36
24.375
Tolerances of Welded Fittings
NOMINAL PIPE SIZE NPS
ANGULARITY TOLERANCES
ANGULARITY TOLERANCES
Size
Off Angle Q
Off Plane P
½ to 4
0.03
0.06
5 to 8
0.06
0.12
10 to 12
0.09
0.19
14 to 16
0.09
0.25
18 to 24
0.12
0.38
26 to 30
0.19
0.38
32 to 42
0.19
0.5
44 to 48
0.18
0.75
All dimensions are given in inches. Tolerances are equal plus and minus except as noted.
1. Out-of-round is the sum of absolute values of plus and minus tolerance.
2. This tolerance may not apply in localized areas of formed fittings where increased wall thickness is required to meet design requirements of ASME B16.9.
3. The inside diameter and the nominal wall thicknesses at ends are to be specified by the purchaser.
4. Unless otherwise specified by the purchaser, these tolerances apply to the nominal inside diameter, which equals the difference between the nominal outside diameter and twice the nominal wall thickness.
MSS SP-97
MSS SP-97 Standard Practice covers essential dimensions, finish, tolerances, testing, marking, material, and minimum strength requirements for 90 degree integrally reinforced forged branch outlet fittings of buttwelding, socket welding, and threaded types.
Buttwelding Ends
Nominal wall Thickness : t
End Preparation
t<5mm (for austenitic alloy steel t<4mm)
Cut square or slightly chamfer at manufacturer ‘ s option
Duplex Pipe Cap ASTM A 815, ASME SA 815 UNS NO S31803, S32205. Werkstoff No. 1.4462
Nickel Alloy Pipe Cap ASTM / ASME SB 336 UNS 2200 ( NICKEL 200 ), UNS 2201 (NICKEL 201 ), UNS 4400 (MONEL 400 ), UNS 8020 ( ALLOY 20 / 20 CB 3, UNS 8825 INCONEL (825), UNS 6600 (INCONEL 600 ), UNS 6601 ( INCONEL 601 ), UNS 6625 (INCONEL 625), UNS 10276 ( HASTELLOY C 276 )
Packing
For packing of carbon steel flanges with painting,we would use the bubble wrap to protect the painting.For flanges without painting or oiled with long-term shipment,we would suggest client to use the anti-tarnish paper and plastic bag to prevent the rust. Packing reducers in wooden cases
Wrap the plastic tightly around the pipe to protect the tee
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