Seamless pipe bending

Standard

Pipe fitting dimensions are in either metric or Standard English. Because pipe fitting covers Pipe Fitting Dimensions several aspects, only the most common pipe fitting sizes can be given here. The most applied version is the 90° long radius and the 45° elbow, while the 90° short radius elbow is applied if there is too little space. The function of a 180° elbow is to change direction of flow through 180°. Both, the LR and the SR types have a center to center dimension double the matching 90° elbows. These fittings will generally be used in furnesses or other heating or cooling units.

Some of the standards that apply to buttwelded fittings are listed below. Many organizations such as ASME, ASTM, ISO, MSS, etc. have very well developed standards and specifications for buttwelded fittings. It is always up to the designer to ensure that they are following the applicable standard and company specification, if available, during the design process.

Some widely used pipe fitting standards are as follows:

ASME: American Society for Mechanical Engineers
This is one of the reputed organizations in the world developing codes and standards.
The schedule number for pipe fitting starts from ASME/ANSI B16. The various classifications of ASME/ANSI B16 standards for different pipe fittings are as follows:

• ASME/ANSI B16.1 – 1998 – Cast Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings
• ASME/ANSI B16.3 – 1998 – Malleable Iron Threaded Fittings
• ASME/ANSI B16.4 – 1998 – Cast Iron Threaded Fittings
• ASME/ANSI B16.5 – 1996 – Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings
• ASME/ANSI B16.11 – 2001 – Forged Steel Fittings, Socket-Welding and Threaded
• ASME/ANSI B16.14 – 1991 – Ferrous Pipe Plugs, Bushings and Locknuts with Pipe Threads
• ASME/ANSI B16.15 – 1985 (R1994) – Cast Bronze Threaded Fittings
• ASME/ANSI B16.25 – 1997 – Buttwelding Ends
• ASME/ANSI B16.36 – 1996 – Orifice Flanges etc.

ASTM International: American Society for Testing and Materials
This is one of the largest voluntary standards development organizations in the world. It was originally known as the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM).

• ASTM A105 / A105M – Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings for Piping Applications
• ASTM A234 / A234M – Specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel for Moderate and High Temperature Service
• ASTM A403 / A403M – Specification for Wrought Austenitic Stainless Steel Piping Fittings
• ASTM A420 / A420M – Standard Specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel for Low-Temperature Service

AWWA: American Water Works Association

AWWA About – Established in 1881, the American Water Works Association is the largest nonprofit, scientific and educational association dedicated to managing and treating water, the world’s most important resource.

• AWWA C110 – Ductile-Iron and Gray-Iron Fittings, 3 Inch Through 48 Inch (75 mm Through 1200 mm), for Water and Other Liquids
• AWWA C208 – Dimensions for Fabricated Steel Water Pipe Fittings

ANSI: The American National Standards Institute

ANSI is a private, non-profit organization. Its main function is to administer and coordinate the U.S. voluntary standardization and conformity assessment system. It provides a forum for development of American national standards. ANSI assigns “schedule numbers”. These numbers classify wall thicknesses for different pressure uses.

MSS STANDARDS: Manufacturers Standardization Society
The Manufacturers Standardization Society (MSS) of the Valve and Fittings Industry is a non-profit technical association organized for development and improvement of industry, national and international codes and standards for: Valves, Valve Actuators, Valve Modification, Pipe Fittings, Pipe Hangers, Pipe Supports, Flanges and Associated Seals

• MSS SP-43 – Wrought Stainless Steel Butt-Welding Fittings Including Reference to Other Corrosion Resistant Materials
• MSS SP-75 – Specifications for High Test Wrought Buttwelding Fittings
• MSS SP-73 – Brazing Joints for Copper and Copper Alloy Pressure Fittings
• MSS SP-83 – Class 3000 Steel Pipe Unions, Socket-Welding and Threaded
• MSS SP-97 – Integrally Reinforced Forged Branch Outlet Fittings — Socket Welding, Threaded, and Buttwelding Ends
• MSS SP-106 – Cast Copper Alloy Flanges and Flanged Fittings Class 125,150, and 300
• MSS SP-119 – Factory-Made Wrought Belled End Socket Welding Fittings

Difference between “Standard” and “Codes”:

Piping codes imply the requirements of design, fabrication, use of materials, tests and inspection of various pipe and piping system. It has a limited jurisdiction defined by the code. On the other hand, piping standards imply application design and construction rules and requirements for pipe fittings like adapters, flanges, sleeves, elbows, union, tees, valves etc. Like a code, it also has a limited scope defined by the standard.

Factors affecting standards: “Standards” on pipe fittings are based on certain factors like as follows:

• Pressure-temperature ratings
• Size
• Design
• Coatings
• Materials
• Marking
• End connections
• Dimensions and tolerances
• Threading
• Pattern taper etc.

BSP: British Standard Pipe

BSP is the U.K. standard for pipe fittings. This refers to a family of standard screw thread types for interconnecting and sealing pipe ends by mating an external (male) with an internal (female) thread. This has been adopted internationally. It is also known as British Standard Pipe Taper threads (BSPT )or British Standard Pipe Parallel (Straight) threads (BSPP ). While the BSPT achieves pressure tight joints by the threads alone, the BSPP requires a sealing ring.

JIS: Japanese Industrial Standards

This is the Japanese industrial standards or the standards used for industrial activities in Japan for pipe, tube and fittings and published through Japanese Standards Associations.

NPT: National Pipe Thread

National Pipe Thread is a U.S. standard straight (NPS) threads or for tapered (NPT) threads. This is the most popular US standard for pipe fittings. NPT fittings are based on the internal diameter (ID) of the pipe fitting.

BOLTS & NUTS

We are manufacturer of Flange bolts & Nuts and supply high quality

• A193 = This specification covers alloy and stainless steel bolting material for pressure vessels, Valves, flanges, and fittings for high temperature or high pressure service, or other special purpose applications.
• A320 = Standard Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting Materials for Low-Temperature Service.
• A194 = Standard specification for nuts in many different material types.

AN: Here, “A” stands for Army and “N” stands for Navy

The AN standard was originally designed for the U.S. Military. Whenever, a pipe fitting is AN fittings, it means that the fittings are measured on the outside diameter of the fittings, that is, in 1/16 inch increments.

For example, an AN 4 fitting means a fitting with an external diameter of approximately 4/16″ or ¼”. It is to be noted that approximation is important because AN external diameter is not a direct fit with an equivalent NPT thread.

Dash (-) size

Dash size is the standard used to refer to the inside diameter of a hose. This indicates the size by a two digit number which represents the relative ID in sixteenths of an inch. This is also used interchangeably with AN fittings. For example, a Dash “8” fitting means an AN 8 fitting.

ISO: International Organization for Standardization

ISO is the industrial pipe, tube and fittings standards and specifications from the International Organization for Standardization. ISO standards are numbered. They have format as follows:

“ISO[/IEC] [IS] nnnnn[:yyyy] Title” where

• nnnnn: standard number
• yyyy: year published, and
• Title: describes the subject

How are pipe fittings measured?

Pipe fittings are measured by their diameter, wall thickness (known as “schedule”), and shape or configuration. (Fittings are also defined by their material grade and whether they are welded or seamless.)

Diameter refers to outside diameter of a pipe or fitting.

The North American standard is known as Nominal Pipe Size (NPS). The International Standard is known as Diameter Nominal (DN). Pipes and fittings are actually made in similar sizes around the world: they are just labeled differently.

From ½ in to 12 inch “Nominal Pipe Size”, outside diameters are slightly larger than indicated size; inside diameters get smaller as schedules grow.

From 14 in and larger “Nominal Pipe Size”, outside diameters are exactly as indicated size; inside diameters get smaller as schedules grow.
As with other North American standards (inch, foot, yard, mile, …), many pipe standards (diameters up to 12 inch and wall thickness) are based on historical precedents (a toolmaker’s dies during US Civil War) rather than a “scientific” method.

Schedule Numbers

The schedule numbers are used by the ANSI (American National Standards Institute) to denote wall thickness. The schedule numbers encompass all pipe dimensions beginning at NPS 1/8” up NPS 36”. Note that this configuration is only for fittings that match with a particular ANSI schedule number.

Nominal Pipe Size (NPS) is a North American set of standard sizes for pipes used for high or low pressures and temperatures.

• Schedule, often shortened as sch, is a North American standard that refers to wall thickness of a pipe or pipe fitting. Higher schedules mean thicker walls that can resist higher pressures.
• Pipe standards define these wall thicknesses: SCH 5, 5S, 10, 10S, 20, 30, 40, 40S, 60, 80, 80S, 100, 120, 140, 160, STD, XS and XXS. (S following a number is for stainless steel. Sizes without an S are for carbon steel.)
• Higher schedules are heavier, require more material and are therefore more costly to make and install.

What does “schedule” mean for pipe fittings?

Schedule, often shortened as SCH, is a North American standard that refers to wall thickness of a pipe or pipe fitting.

What is schedule 40, SCH80?

Higher schedules mean thicker walls that can resist higher pressures.

Pipe standards define these wall thicknesses: SCH 5, 5S, 10, 10S, 20, 30, 40, 40S, 60, 80, 80S, 100, 120, 140, 160, STD, XS and XXS.
(S following a number is for stainless steel. Sizes without an S are for carbon steel.)

Higher schedules are heavier, require more material and are therefore more costly to make and install.

General standard

Standard	Specification
ASTM A234	Standard Specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel for Moderate and High Temperature Service
ASTM A420	Standard Specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel for Low-Temperature Service
ASTM A234 WPB	ASTM A234 is Standard Specification for steel pipe fittings includes carbon and alloy steel material for moderate and high temperature services. WPB is one of the steel grade in this standard
ASME B16.9	ASME B16.9 Standard covers overall dimensions, tolerances,ratings, testing, and markings for factory-made wrought buttwelding fittings in sizes NPS 1⁄2 through NPS 48 (DN 15 through DN 1200).
ASME B16.28	ASME B16.28 Standard covers ratings, overall dimensions, testing, tolerances, and markings for wrought carbon and alloy steel buttwelding short radius elbows and returns.
MSS SP-97	MSS SP-97 Standard Practice covers essential dimensions, finish, tolerances, testing, marking, material, and minimum strength requirements for 90 degree integrally reinforced forged branch outlet fittings of buttwelding, socket welding, and threaded types.
ASTM A403	Standard Specification for Wrought Austenitic Stainless Steel Piping Fittings.

Wide variety for all areas of application

DIN	EN	ASME
St 35.8 I St 35.8 III 15 Mo 3 13 CrMo 4 4 10 CrMo 9 10 St 35 N St 52.0 St 52.4	P235GH-TC1 P235GH-TC2 16Mo3 13CrMo4-5 10CrMo9-10 X10CrMoVNb9-1 P215NL P265NL L360NB L360NE P355N P355NL1 P355NH	WPB WPL6 WPL3 WPHY 52 WP11 WP22 WP5 WP9 WP91 WP92

ASTM A234

ASTM A234/ASME SA234M standard specification for piping fittings of wrought carbon steel and alloy steel for moderate and high temperature service.

Chemical Composition (%) of ASTM A234/A234M

Grade	Type	C	Si	S	P	Mn	Cr	Ni	Mo	Other	ób	ós	δ5
WPB	0.3	0.1min	0.058	0.05	0.29-1.06	0.4	0.4	0.15	V:0.06;Nb:0.02	415-585	240	22	197
WPC	0.35	0.1min	0.058	0.05	0.29-1.06	0.4	0.4	0.15	V:0.06;Nb:0.02	485-655	275	22	197
WP1	0.28	0.1-0.5	0.045	0.045	0.3-0.9			0.44-0.65		380-550	205	22	197
WP12 CL1	0.05-0.2	0.6	0.045	0.045	0.3-0.8	0.8-1.25		0.44-0.65		415-585	220	22	197
WP12 CL2	0.05-0.2	0.6	0.045	0.045	0.3-0.8	0.8-1.25		0.44-0.65		485-655	275	22	197
WP11 CL1	0.05-0.15	0.5-1	0.03	0.03	0.3-0.6	1-1.5		0.44-0.65		415-585	205	22	197
WP11 CL2	0.05-0.2	0.5-1	0.04	0.04	0.3-0.8	1-1.5		0.44-0.65		485-655	275	22	197
WP11 CL3	0.05-0.2	0.5-1	0.04	0.04	0.3-0.8	1-1.5		0.44-0.65		520-690	310	22	197
WP22 CL1	0.05-0.15	0.5	0.04	0.04	0.3-0.6	1.9-2.6		0.87-1.13		415-585	205	22	197
WP22 CL3	0.05-0.15	0.5	0.04	0.04	0.3-0.6	1.9-2.6		0.87-1.13		520-690	310	22	197
WP5 CL1	0.15	0.5	0.03	0.04	0.3-0.6	4-6		0.44-0.65		415-585	205	22	217
WP5 CL3	0.15	0.5	0.03	0.04	0.3-0.6	4-6		0.44-0.65		520-690	310	22	217
WP9 CL1	0.15	1	0.03	0.03	0.3-0.6	8-10		0.9-1.1		415-585	205	22	217
WP9 CL3	0.15	1	0.03	0.03	0.3-0.6	8-10		0.9-1.1		520-690	310	22	217
WPR	0.2		0.05	0.045	0.4-1.06		1.6-2.24			435-605	315	22/28	217
WP91	0.08-0.12	0.2-0.5	0.01	0.02	0.3-0.6	8-9.5	0.4	0.85-1.05	See sdandard	585-760	415	20	248
WP911	0.09-0.13	0.1-0.5	0.01	0.02	0.3-0.6	8.5-10.5	0.4	0.9-1.1	See sdandard	620-840	440	20	248

Notes:

For each reduction of 0.01% below the specified C maximum, an increase of 0.06% Mn above the specified maximum will be permitted, up to a maximum of 1.35%.
The sum of Cu, Ni, Cr, and Mo shall not exceed 1.00%.
The sum of Cr and Mo shall not exceed 0.32%.
The maximum carbon equivalent (C.E.) shall be 0.50, based on heat analysis and the formula C.E.=C+Mn/6+(Cr+Mo+V)/5+(Ni+Cu)/15.

Mechanical properties of ASTM A234

Tensile Requirements	WPB	WPC, WP11CL2	WP11CL1	WP11CL3
Tensile Strength, min, ksi[MPa] (0.2% offset or 0.5% extension-under-load)	60-85 [415-585]	70-95 [485-655]	60-85 [415-585]	75-100 [520-690]
Yield Strength, min, ksi[MPa]	32 [240]	40 [275]	30 [205]	45 [310]

ASTM A403

ASTM A403 Standard specification covers the standard for wrought austenitic stainless steel fittings for pressure piping applications.

Chemical Composition (%) of ASTM A403

Steel No.	Type	C	Si	S	P	Mn	Cr	Ni	Mo	Other	ób	ós	δ5
WP304	0.08	1	0.03	0.045	2	18-20	8-11			515	205	28
WP304H	0.04-0.1	1	0.03	0.045	2	18-20	8-11			515	205	28
WP304L	0.035	1	0.03	0.045	2	18-20	8-13			485	170	28
WP304LN	0.03	0.75	0.03	0.045	2	18-20	8-10.5		N2:0.1-0.16	515	205	28
WP304N	0.08	0.75	0.03	0.045	2	18-20	8-11		N2:0.1-0.16	550	240	28
WP309	0.15	1	0.03	0.045	2	22-24	12-15			515	205	28
WP310	0.15	1.5	0.03	0.045	2	24-26	19-22			515	205	28
WP316	0.08	1	0.03	0.045	2	16-18	10-14	2-3		515	205	28
WP316H	0.04-0.1	1	0.03	0.045	2	16-18	10-14	2-3		515	205	28
WP316LN	0.03	0.75	0.03	0.045	2	16-18	11-14	2-3	N2:0.1-0.16	515	205	28
WP316L	0.035	1	0.03	0.045	2	16-18	10-16	2-3		485	170	28
WP316N	0.08	0.75	0.03	0.045	2	16-18	11-14	2-3	N2:0.1-0.16	550	240	28
WP317	0.08	1	0.03	0.045	2	18-20	11-15	3-4		515	205	28
WP317L	0.03	1	0.03	0.045	2	18-20	11-15	3-4		515	205	28
WP321	0.08	1	0.03	0.045	2	17-20	9-13		Ti:5C-0.7	515	205	28
WP321H	0.04-0.1	1	0.03	0.045	2	17-20	9-13		Ti:4C-0.7	515	205	28
WP347	0.08	1	0.03	0.045	2	17-20	9-13		Nb+Ta:10C-1.1	515	205	28
WP347H	0.04-0.1	1	0.03	0.045	2	17-20	9-13		Nb+Ta:8C-1	515	205	28
WP348	0.08	1	0.03	0.045	2	17-20	9-13		Ta:0.1	515	205	28
WP348H	0.04-0.1	1	0.03	0.045	2	17-20	9-13		Ta:0.1	515	205	28

Notes:

For each reduction of 0.01% below the specified C maximum, an increase of 0.06% Mn above the specified maximum will be permitted, up to a maximum of 1.35%.
The sum of Cu, Ni, Cr, and Mo shall not exceed 1.00%.
The sum of Cr and Mo shall not exceed 0.32%.
The maximum carbon equivalent (C.E.) shall be 0.50, based on heat analysis and the formula C.E.=C+Mn/6+(Cr+Mo+V)/5+(Ni+Cu)/15.

Mechanical properties of ASTM A403

Grade	UNS	Tensile Strength, min		Yield Strength,min		Elongation min % in 4D
		ksi	MPa	ksi	MPa	Longit %	Trans%
ALL	ALL	75	515	30	205	28	20
304L	S30403	70	485	25	170	28	20
316L	S31603	70	485	25	170	28	20
304N	S30451	80	550	35	240	28	20
316N	S31651	80	550	35	240	28	20
	S31726	80	550	35	240	28	20
XM-19	S20910	100	690	55	380	28	20
	S31254	94-119	650-820	44	300	28	20
	S34565	115	795	60	415	28	20
	S33228	73	500	27	185	28	20

Material Furnished to this specification shall conform to the requirements of specifications A960/A960M including any supplementary requirements that are indicates in the purchase order. Failure to company with the common requirements of Specification A960/A960M constitutes non-conformance with this specification . In case of conflict between this specification and Specification A960/A960M , this specification shall prevail.

ASTM A420

ASTM A420/A420M-07 standard specification for piping fittings of wrought carbon steel and alloy steel for low-temperature service.

ASTM A420 Chemical Composition Requirements

Elements	WPL6, %	WPL9, %	WPL3, %	WPL8, %
Carbon [C]	≤0.30	≤0.20	≤0.20	≤0.13
Manganese [Mn]	0.50-1.35	0.40-1.06	0.31-0.64	≤0.90
Phosphorus [P]	≤0.035	≤0.030	≤0.05	≤0.030
Sulfur [S]	≤0.040	≤0.030	≤0.05	≤0.030
Silicon [Si]	0.15-0.40	…	0.13-0.37	0.13-0.37
Nickel [Ni]	≤0.40	1.60-2.24	3.2-3.8	8.4-9.6
Chromium [Cr]	≤0.30	...	...	...
Molybdenum [Mo]	≤0.12	...	...	...
Copper [Cu]	≤0.40	0.75-1.25	…	…
Columbium [Cb]	≤0.02	...	...	...
Vanadium[V]	≤0.08	...	...	...

*For grade WPL6, the limit for Columbium may be increased up to 0.05% on heat analysis and 0.06% on product analysis.
*Fittings of WPL3 made from plate or forgings may have 0.90 % max manganese.
*Fittings of WPL8 made from plate may have 0.98 % max manganese.

ASTM A420 Mechanical Properties

ASTM A420/ A420M	Tensile Strength, min.		Yield Strength, min.		Elongation %, min
Grade	ksi	MPa	ksi	MPa	Longitudinal	Transverse
WPL6	65-95	415-655	35	240	22	12
WPL9	63-88	435-610	46	315	20	…
WPL3	65-90	450-620	35	240	22	14
WPL8	100-125	690-865	75	515	16	…

*All the elongation values are on the basis of standard round specimen, or small proportional specimen, min % in 4 D.

ASTM A234 is Standard Specification for steel pipe fittings includes carbon and alloy steel material for moderate and high temperature services.

ASME B16.9

ASME B16.9 Standard covers overall dimensions, tolerances,ratings, testing, and markings for factory-made wrought buttwelding fittings in sizes NPS 1⁄2 through NPS 48 (DN 15 through DN 1200).

ASME / ANSI B16.9 dimension

Nominal	Outside Diameter		90° Elbows		45° Elbows		180° Returns
Pipe Size			Long Radius	Short Radius	Long Radius		Long Radius
(inches)	(mm)	(inches)	Center to Face	Center to Face	Center to Face	Radius	Center to Center	Back to face
			(inches)	(inches)	(inches)	(inches)	(inches)	(inches)
1/2	21.3	0.84	1.5	–	5/8		2	1.875
3/4	26.7	1.05	1.125	–	7/16		2.25	1.6875
1	33.4	1.315	1.5	1	7/8		3	2.1875
1.25	42.2	1.66	1.875	1.25	1		3.75	2.75
1.5	48.3	1.9	2.25	1.5	1.125	3	4.5	3.25
2	60.3	2.375	3	2	1.375	4	6	4.1875
2.5	73	2.875	3.75	2.5	1.75	5	7.5	5.1875
3	88.9	3.5	4.5	3	2	6	9	6.25
3.5	101.6	4	5.25	3.5	2.25	7	10.5	7.25
4	114.3	4.5	6	4	2.5	8	12	8.25
5	141.3	5.563	7.5	5	3.125	10	15	10.3125
6	168.3	6.625	9	6	3.75	12	18	12.3125
8	219.1	8.625	12	8	5	12	24	16.3125
10	273.1	10.75	15	10	6.25	15	30	20.375
12	323.9	12.75	18	12	7.5	18	36	24.375

Tolerances of Welded Fittings

NOMINAL PIPE SIZE NPS	ANGULARITY TOLERANCES	ANGULARITY TOLERANCES
Size	Off Angle Q	Off Plane P
½ to 4	0.03	0.06
5 to 8	0.06	0.12
10 to 12	0.09	0.19
14 to 16	0.09	0.25
18 to 24	0.12	0.38
26 to 30	0.19	0.38
32 to 42	0.19	0.5
44 to 48	0.18	0.75

All dimensions are given in inches. Tolerances are equal plus and minus except as noted.
1. Out-of-round is the sum of absolute values of plus and minus tolerance.
2. This tolerance may not apply in localized areas of formed fittings where increased wall thickness is required to meet design requirements of ASME B16.9.
3. The inside diameter and the nominal wall thicknesses at ends are to be specified by the purchaser.
4. Unless otherwise specified by the purchaser, these tolerances apply to the nominal inside diameter, which equals the difference between the nominal outside diameter and twice the nominal wall thickness.

MSS SP-97

MSS SP-97 Standard Practice covers essential dimensions, finish, tolerances, testing, marking, material, and minimum strength requirements for 90 degree integrally reinforced forged branch outlet fittings of buttwelding, socket welding, and threaded types.

Buttwelding Ends

Nominal wall Thickness : t	End Preparation
t<5mm (for austenitic alloy steel t<4mm)	Cut square or slightly chamfer at manufacturer ‘ s option
5	Plain Bevel as in sketch ( a ) above
t>22mm	Compound Bevel as in sketch ( b ) above

Chemical Composition Requirements of MSS SP 75

Elements	Value, %
Carbon (C)	≤0.30
Manganese (Mn)	≤1.60
Phosphorus (P)	≤0.035
Sulfur (S)	≤0.035
Copper (Cu)	≤0.50
Nickel (Ni)	≤0.50
Silicon (Si)	≤0.50
Chromium (Cr)	≤0.25
Molybdenum (Mo)	≤0.13
Vanadium (V)	≤0.13
Columbium (Cb)	≤0.10
Titanium(Ti)	≤0.05

*1. The sum of Cu, Ni, Cr and Mo shall not exceed 1%.
*2. Carbon equivalent C.E.=C+Mn/6+(Cr+Mo+V)/5+(Ni+Cu)/15 shall not exceed 0.45%.

Manufacturing Standards of Buttweld Pipe End, Buttweld Pipe Cap

• ASME: ANSI B16.9, ANSI B16.28, MSS-SP-43
• DIN: DIN2605, DIN2615, DIN2616, DIN2617, DIN28011
• EN: EN10253-1, EN10253-2
• ASTM A403 – ASME SA403 Standard Specification for Wrought Austenitic Stainless Steel Piping Fittings
• ASME B16.9 Factory-Made Wrought Fittings Buttwelding
• ASME B16.25 Buttwelding Ends
• ASME B16.28 Wrought Steel Short Radius Elbows and Buttwelding Returns
• MSS SP-43 Wrought and Fabricated Butt-Welding Fittings for Low Pressure, Corrosion Resistant Applications

Buttweld Pipe End Material Grades

• Stainless Steel Pipe Cap ASTM A403 WP Gr. 304, 304H, 309, 310, 316, 316L, 317L, 321, 347, 904L
• Carbon Steel Pipe Cap ASTM A 234 WPB , WPBW, WPHY 42, WPHY 46, WPHY 52, WPH 60, WPHY 65 & WPHY 70.
• Low Temperature Carbon Steel Pipe Cap ASTM A420 WPL3, A420 WPL6
• Alloy Steel Pipe Cap ASTM / ASME A/SA 234 Gr. WP 1, WP 5, WP 9, WP 11, WP 12, WP 22, WP 91
• Duplex Pipe Cap ASTM A 815, ASME SA 815 UNS NO S31803, S32205. Werkstoff No. 1.4462
• Nickel Alloy Pipe Cap ASTM / ASME SB 336 UNS 2200 ( NICKEL 200 ), UNS 2201 (NICKEL 201 ), UNS 4400 (MONEL 400 ), UNS 8020 ( ALLOY 20 / 20 CB 3, UNS 8825 INCONEL (825), UNS 6600 (INCONEL 600 ), UNS 6601 ( INCONEL 601 ), UNS 6625 (INCONEL 625), UNS 10276 ( HASTELLOY C 276 )