Seamless Ferritic Alloy-Steel P22 Pipe

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Category: Alloy steel pipe Tags: ASTM A335, ASTM A335 P22

Description

A335/SA335 Grade P22 Alloy Steel Seamless Pipes are Carbon steel pipes with addition of chromium, molybdenum, and sometimes vanadium. Chromium, or chrome, improves high-temperature strength, increases oxidation resistance and raises the tensile, yield and hardness at room temperatures. Molybdenum increases the strength, elastic limit, resistance to wear, impact qualities and hardenability. It increases the resistance to softening, restrains grain growth and makes chromium steel less susceptible to embrittlement. Moly is also the most effective additive for increasing high temperature creep strength, or creep resistance, and it also enhances the corrosion resistance of steel and inhibits pitting. Grade P22 is used for high temperature service applications and is tolerant to variations in its microstructure.

Each length of pipe shall be subjected to the hydrostatic test. Also, each pipe shall be examined by a non-destructive examination method in accordance to the required practices.

Chemical Composition Inspection, Mechanical Properties Test(Tensile Strength,Yield Strength, Elongation, Flaring, Flattening, Bending, Hardness, Impact Test), Surface and Dimension Test,No-destructive Test, Hydrostatic Test.

Surface treatment:

Oil-dip, Varnish, Passivation, Phosphating, Shot Blasting.
Both ends of each crate will indicate the order no., heat no., dimensions, weight and bundles or as requested.

The range of ASTM A335 P22 pipe sizes that may be examined by each method shall be subjected to the limitations in the scope of the respective practice.

The different mechanical test requirements for pipes, namely, transverse or longitudinal tension test, flattening test, and hardness or bend test are presented.Both ends of each crate will indicate the order no., heat no., dimensions, weight and bundles or as requested.

Outer Dimensions: 19.05mm – 114.3mm
Wall Thickness: 2.0mm – 14 mm
Length: max 16000mm

Steel grade: ASTM A335 P22

Packing:

Bare packing/bundle packing/crate packing/wooden protection at the both sides of tubes and suitably protected for sea-worthly delivery or as requested.

Chemical Composition(%) ASTM A335

ASTM Specification pipe confirming to ASTM A335 shall have the following chemical properties. Tensile and Hardness Requirements The tensile properties of the ASTM A335 pipe shall conform to the requirements as prescribed. Pipe of Grades P91, P92, and P122 shall have a hardness not exceeding 250 HB/265 HV [25 HRC]. For pipe of Grades P91, P92, P122, and P911, Brinell, Vickers, or Rockwell hardness tests shall be made on a specimen from each lot (see Note 7). These pipe bear high resistance to rupture at high temperature and pressures. With hydrogen crack resistance and sulfide stress corrosion cracking chrome moly pipe are highly preferred over Carbon pipe.

Grade	UN	C≤	Mn	P≤	S≤	Si≤	Cr	Mo
P1	K11522	0.10~0.20	0.30~0.80	0.025	0.025	0.10~0.50	–	0.44~0.65
P2	K11547	0.10~0.20	0.30~0.61	0.025	0.025	0.10~0.30	0.50~0.81	0.44~0.65
P5	K41545	0.15	0.30~0.60	0.025	0.025	0.5	4.00~6.00	0.44~0.65
P5b	K51545	0.15	0.30~0.60	0.025	0.025	1.00~2.00	4.00~6.00	0.44~0.65
P5c	K41245	0.12	0.30~0.60	0.025	0.025	0.5	4.00~6.00	0.44~0.65
P9	S50400	0.15	0.30~0.60	0.025	0.025	0.50~1.00	8.00~10.00	0.44~0.65
P11	K11597	0.05~0.15	0.30~0.61	0.025	0.025	0.50~1.00	1.00~1.50	0.44~0.65
P12	K11562	0.05~0.15	0.30~0.60	0.025	0.025	0.5	0.80~1.25	0.44~0.65
P15	K11578	0.05~0.15	0.30~0.60	0.025	0.025	1.15~1.65	–	0.44~0.65
P21	K31545	0.05~0.15	0.30~0.60	0.025	0.025	0.5	2.65~3.35	0.80~1.60
P22	K21590	0.05~0.15	0.30~0.60	0.025	0.025	0.5	1.90~2.60	0.87~1.13
P91	K91560	0.08~0.12	0.30~0.60	0.02	0.01	0.20~0.50	8.00~9.50	0.85~1.05
P92	K92460	0.07~0.13	0.30~0.60	0.02	0.01	0.5	8.50~9.50	0.30~0.60

Chrome Moly Pipes: Werkstoff vs EN vs ASTM

ASTM A335 pipe may be either hot finished or cold drawn with the finishing treatment as required in Grade P2 and P12 – The steel shall be made by coarse- grain melting practice. Specific limits, if any, on grain size or deoxidation practice shall be a matter of agreement between the manufacturer and purchaser.

Werkstoff /DIN	EN	ASTM
1.5415	16Mo3	A335 Grade P1
1.7335	13CrMo4-5	A335 Grade P11, P12
1.738	10CrMo9-10	A335 Grade P22
1.7362	X11CrMo5	A335 Grade P5
		A335 Grade P9
1.4903	X10CrMoVNb9-1	A335 Grade P91

Tensile Requirements

Tensile Strength, min., psi	P-5	P-9	P-11	P-22	P-91
ksi	60	60	60	60	85
MPa	415	415	415	415	585
Yield Strength, min., psi
ksi	30	30	30	30	60
MPa	205	205	205	205	415

Product Analysis At the request of the purchaser, an analysis of two pipe from each lot shall be made by the manufacturer. A lot of ASTM A335 pipe shall consist of the following: NPS Designator Under 2 400 or fraction thereof 2 to 5 200 or fraction thereof 6 and over 100 or fraction thereof.
Note: ASTM A335 P91 shall not have a hardness not exceeding 250 HB/265 HV [25HRC].

Mechanical properties of ASTM A335

Grade	Tensile strength	Yield strength
P1,P2	380	205
P12	415	220
P23	510	400
P91	585	415
P92,P11	620	440
P122	620	400

A335 is often called chrome moly pipe because of the chemical makeup of Molybdenum (Mo) and Chromium (Cr). Molybdenum increases the strength of steel as well as the elastic limit, resistance to wear, impact qualities, and hardenability. Moly increases the resistance to softening, restrains grain growth and makes chromium steel less susceptible to embrittlement. Moly is the most effective single additive that increases high temperature creep strength.

It also enhances the corrosion resistance of steel, and inhibits pitting. Chromium (or chrome) is the essential constituent of stainless steel. Any steel with 12% or more Chrome is considered stainless. Chrome is virtually irreplaceable in resisting oxidation at elevated temperatures. Chrome raises the tensile, yield, and hardness at room temperatures. The composition chrome moly alloy steel pipe make it ideal for use in power plants, refineries, petro chemical plants, and oil field services where fluids and gases are transported at extremely high temperatures and pressures.

Heat Treatment Requirements

Grade	Heat Treatment Type P5, P9, P11, and P22	Normalizing Temperature Range F [C]	Subcritical Annealing or Tempering Temperature Range F [C]
A335 P5 (b,c)	Full or Isothermal Anneal
	Normalize and Temper	*****	1250 [675]
	Subcritical Anneal (P5c only)	*****	1325 – 1375 [715 - 745]
A335 P9	Full or Isothermal Anneal
	Normalize and Temper	*****	1250 [675]
A335 P11	Full or Isothermal Anneal
	Normalize and Temper	*****	1200 [650]
A335 P22	Full or Isothermal Anneal
	Normalize and Temper	*****	1250 [675]
A335 P91	Normalize and Temper	1900-1975 [1040 - 1080]	1350-1470 [730 - 800]
	Quench and Temper	1900-1975 [1040 - 1080]	1350-1470 [730 - 800]

Material & Manufacture

Pipe may be either hot finished or cold drawn with the finishing heat treatment noted below.

Heat Treatment

A / N+T
N+T / Q+T
N+T

Mechanical Tests Specified

Transverse or Longitudinal Tension Test and Flattening Test, Hardness Test, or Bend Test
For material heat treated in a batch-type furnace, tests shall be made on 5% of the pipe from each treated lot. For small lots, at least one pipe shall be tested.
For material heat treated by the continuous process, tests shall be made on a sufficient number of pipe to constitute 5% of the lot, but in no case less than 2 pipe.

Notes for Hardness Test:

P11 shall not have a hardness not exceeding 250 HB/265 HV [25HRC].

Notes for Bend Test:

For pipe whose diameter exceeds NPS 25 and whose diameter to wall thickness ratio is 7.0 or less shall be subjected to the bend test instead of the flattening test.
Other pipe whose diameter equals or exceeds NPS 10 may be given the bend test in place of the flattening test subject to the approval of the purchaser.
The bend test specimens shall be bent at room temperature through 180 without cracking on the outside of the bent portion.

Process

Cold drawn seamless steel tube deformed process

Cold Drawn Seamless Mechanical Tubing (CDS) is a cold drawn 1018/1026 steel tube which offers uniform tolerances, enhanced machinability and increased strength and tolerances compared to hot-rolled products.

Cold drawn seamless steel tubes process

Cold drawn steel tube is with hot-rolled steel coil as raw material, and tandem cold rolling pickled to remove oxide scale, its finished rolling hard roll, rolling hard volumes due to the continuous cold deformation caused by cold hardening strength, hardness increased indicators declined tough plastic, stamping performance will deteriorate, which can only be used for simple deformation of the parts.

Rolling hard roll can be used as the raw material of the hot-dip galvanizing plant, hot dip galvanizing line set annealing line. Rolling hard roll weight is generally 6 to 13.5 tons, the coil diameter of 610mm.

Hot rolled seamless steel pipe deformed process

Hot-rolled seamless steel pipe production base deformation process can be summarized as three stages: perforation, extension and finishing.

Hot rolled seamless steel pipe deformed process

The main purpose of the perforation process is to become a solid round billet piercing hollow shell. Capillary in the specifications, accuracy and surface quality can not meet the requirements of the finished product, further improvements are needed to deform the metal through. The main purpose of the stretching machine is further reduced sectional view (main compression wall) for a larger axial extension, so that the capillary improved dimensional accuracy, surface quality and organizational performance.

After stretching machine rolled steel pipe shortage collectively need further molding mill in order to achieve the requirements of the finished pipe. Rolled steel due to pass in the method widely used in the production of seamless steel tubes.

So far, due to the method pass rolling steel can be divided into two categories: core pension without rolling rolling (hollow body rolling), and with the mandrel. Sizing machines, reducing mill and stretch reducing mill belonging to the hole without mandrel type continuous rolling mills are generally coffin. Its main purpose is to reduce the diameter of the deformation process or sizing get finished steel, the wall thickness of process control, can make thinning, thickening or nearly unchanged.

All the traditional hole-type rolling machine with mandrel belong to extend machine. The main purpose is to reduce the deformation process perforated capillary wall thickness and outer diameter roll passes in the deformation zone and the mandrel posed, for a larger axial extension. At the same time a certain improvement in the organization, performance, accuracy, surface quality.

Cut to Length

Before cutting pipe and tubing

No matter the material, measure the diameter of the pipe or tube to be cut to ensure that you use the right-size tube cutter for the job. When determining how to make a straight cut, use a tape measure and a pencil or other writing instrument to mark on the surface where you want to cut. If possible, mark around the circumference of a pipe, especially when cutting with a handsaw. Ensure that a cut is as straight as possible by securing the pipe with a vise, clamp, miter box or even duct tape to keep the length from shifting out of place while cutting.

After cutting pipe and tubing

Unless a cut is perfectly clean, you should expect to remove burrs from around the edge, especially after sawing.
Use a deburring tool to clean the edge after tube cutting.
You may opt to use a metal file on the cut of a metal pipe.

Application

Alloy steel pipes are ideally suitable for chemical, petrochemicals, and other energy-related applications.

The alloy steel pipe adopts high quality carbon steel, alloy structural steel and stainless & heat resisting steel as raw material through hot rolling or cold drawn to be made.

Alloy steel can be used in process area where carbon steel has limitation such as

High-temperature services such as heater tubes
Low-temperature services such as cryogenic application
Very high presser service such as steam header

As an important element of steel products, alloy steel pipe can be divided into seamless steel pipe and welded steel pipe according to the manufacturing technique and tube billet shape.

Here you can see the common alloy steel grade that you will come across.

For Pipes: ASTM A335 Gr P1, P5, P11, P9
For Wrought Fittings: ASTM A234 Gr.WP5, WP9, WP11
For Forged Fittings: ASTM A182 F5, F9, F11 etc.

Why the application of alloy steel pipe is wider than others

There are many kinds of materials used for transport in industrial production. Specifically we will have more choices and it is not limited to the use of alloy steel pipe. But even in the face of more choices, many people tend to choose alloy steel pipe. People make their own choices will have their own reasons. This means the alloy steel pipe application has its own advantages. Compared with transmission lines made of other materials, after it meets the basic application requirements, its quantity is lighter. Then in the practical application of alloy steel pipe, it will have more advantages because of this. Besides its physical characteristic advantage, it also has economic advantages. The wide application of alloy steel pipe is with kinds of reasons. So in practical usage, we can exploit the advantages to the full, in this way can we get more profits in these applications of alloy steel pipe.

What requirements should alloy steel pipe application meet

The transportation of kinds of gases or liquids in production needs to rely on alloy steel pipe. This shows that the actual role of alloy steel pipe application is important. High temperature resistant and low temperature resistant is the tolerance of temperature. In the practical application of alloy steel pipe, there will be many materials need to be transported. However their temperatures are not the same. So this can be the basic requirement to alloy steel pipe. It needs more corrosion resistance. Corrosion resistant material is the best material during transporting, because it is corrosion resistant. So it can be used in more occasions. And it is definitely very convenient for users.

The biggest advantages of alloy steel pipe

Can be 100% recycled, environmentally friendly, energy-saving, resource conservation, national strategy, national policy to encourage the expansion of the field of application of high-pressure alloy pipe. Of alloy steel pipe total consumption accounted steel in the proportion is only half of the developed countries, to expand the field of use of the alloy steel pipe to provide a wider space for the development of the industry. The future needs of the average annual growth of China’s high-pressure alloy steel pipe long products up to 10-12%.

Specification, standard and identification of alloy steel pipes

Alloy Steel pipe contains substantial quantities of elements other than carbon such as nickel, chromium, silicon, manganese, tungsten, molybdenum, vanadium and limited amounts of other commonly accepted elements such as manganese, sulfur, silicon, and phosphorous.

Industries We Serve

Our team of experienced sales specialists proudly partners with gas and chemical processors, power generation plants, oil refineries, and related industries to offer piping components and value-added services.

The biggest advantages of alloy steel pipe can be 100% recycled, environmentally friendly, energy-saving, resource conservation, national strategy, national policy to encourage the expansion of the field of application of high-pressure alloy pipe. Of alloy tube total consumption accounted steel in the proportion is only half of the developed countries, to expand the field of use of the alloy tube to provide a wider space for the development of the industry. According to the Chinese Special Steel Association alloy pipe Branch Expert Group, the future needs of the average annual growth of China’s high-pressure alloy pipe long products up to 10-12%.

Q&A

Alloying Elements

Alloying Elements	Effect on the Properties
Chromium	Increases Resistance to corrosion and oxidation. Increases hardenability and wear resistance. Increases high temperature strength.
Nickel	Increases hardenability. Improves toughness. Increases impact strength at low temperatures.
Molybdenum	Increases hardenability, high temperature hardness, and wear resistance. Enhances the effects of other alloying elements. Eliminate temper brittleness in steels. Increases high temperature strength.
Manganese	Increases hardenability. Combines with sulfur to reduce its adverse effects.
Vanadium	Increases hardenability, high temperature hardness, and wear resistance. Improves fatigue resistance.
Titanium	Strongest carbide former. Added to stainless steel to prevent precipitation of chromium carbide.
Silicon	Removes oxygen in steel making. Improves toughness. Increases hardness ability
Boron	Increases hardenability. Produces fine grain size.
Aluminum	Forms nitride in nitriding steels. Produces fine grain size in casting. Removes oxygen in steel melting.
Cobalt	Increases heat and wear resistance.
Tungsten	Increases hardness at elevated temperatures. Refines grain size.

Commonly used alloying elements and their effects are listed in the table given below.

The most important and desired changes in alloy steel are

Alloy steels are made by combining carbon steel with one or several alloying elements, such as manganese, silicon, nickel, titanium, copper, chromium and aluminum. These metals are added to produce specific properties that are not found in regular carbon steel. The elements are added in varying proportions (or combinations) making the material take on different aspects such as increased hardness, increased corrosion resistance, increased strength, improved formability (ductility); the weldability can also change.

Increased hardenability.
Increased corrosion resistance.
Retention of hardness and strength.
Nearly all alloy steels require heat treatment in order to bring out their best properties.

Alloying Elements & Their Effects

Chromium – Adds hardness. Increased toughness and wear resistance.
Cobalt – Used in making cutting tools; improved Hot Hardness (or Red Hardness).
Manganese – Increases surface hardness. Improves resistance to strain, hammering & shocks.
Molybdenum – Increases strength. Improves resistance to shock and heat.
Nickel – Increases strength & toughness. Improves corrosion resistance.
Tungsten – Adds hardness and improves grain structure. Provides improved heat resistance.
Vanadium – Increases strength, toughness and shock resistance. Improved corrosion resistance.
Chromium-Vanadium – Greatly improved tensile strength. It is hard but easy to bend and cut.

Pipes, Tubes and Hollow Sections

Norms:

API 5L – Line Pipe
ASTM A 53 – Black and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated, Welded and Seamless, Steel Pipe
ASTM A 106 – Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service
ASTM A 213 – Seamless Ferritic and Austenitic Alloy-Steel Boiler, Superheater, and Heat-Exchanger Tubes
ASTM A 269 – Seamless and Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Tubing for General Service
ASTM A 312 – Seamless, Welded, and Heavily Cold Worked Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipes
ASTM A 333 – Seamless and Welded Steel Pipe for Low-Temperature Service
ASTM A 335 – Seamless Ferritic Alloy-Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service
ASTM A 358 – Electric-Fusion-Welded Austenitic Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service and General Applications
ASTM A 671 – Electric-Fusion-Welded Steel Pipe for Atmospheric and Lower Temperatures
ASTM A 672 – Electric-Fusion-Welded Steel Pipe for High-Pressure Service at Moderate Temperatures
ASTM A 790 – Seamless and Welded Ferritic/Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipe
ASTM A 928 – Ferritic/Austenitic (Duplex) Stainless Steel Pipe Electric Fusion Welded with Addition of Filler Metal
EN 10208-2 – Steel pipes for pipelines for combustible fluids – Part 2: Pipes of requirement class B
EN 10210-1/2 – Hot finished structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain steels
EN 10216-1 – Seamless steel tubes for pressure purposes – Part 1: Non-alloy steel tubes with specified room temperature properties
EN 10216-2 – Seamless steel tubes for pressure purposes – Part 2: Non-alloy and alloy steel tubes with specified elevated temperature properties
EN 10217-1 – Welded steel tubes for pressure purposes – Part 1: Non-alloy steel tubes with specified room temperature properties
EN 10217-2 – Welded steel tubes for pressure purposes – Part 2: Electric welded non-alloy and alloy steel tubes with specified elevated temperature properties
EN 10219-1/2 – Cold formed welded structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain steels
EN 10297-1 – Seamless circular steel tubes for mechanical and general engineering purposes – Part 1 Non-alloy and alloy steel tubes

Grade:

API 5L Gr. A, B, X42, X52, X60, X65, X70
ASTM A 53 Gr. A, Gr. B
ASTM A106 Gr. A, B, C
ASTM A 213 TP 304, 304L, 304H, 316, 316L, 316H, 321, 321H, T5, T9, T11
ASTM A 269 TP 304, 304L, 304H, 316, 316L, 316H, 321, 321H
ASTM A 312 TP 304, 304L, 304H, 316, 316L, 316H, 321, 321H
ASTM A 333 Gr. 3, Gr. 6 ASTM A 335 P1, P2, P5, P9, P11, P12, P22, P91, P92
ASTM A 358 TP 304, 304L, 304H, 316, 316L, 316H, 321, 321H
ASTM A 671 CC 60, CC 65, CC 70
ASTM A 672 CC 60, CC 65, CC 70
ASTM 790 UNS S31803, UNS S32205, UNS S32750, UNS S32760
ASTM A928
EN 10208-2 L245, L 290, L360
EN 10210-1 S235 JRH, S275 JOH, S275 J2H, S355 JOH, S355 J2H
EN 10216-1 P235 TR1/2
EN 10216-2 P235 GH, P265 GH
EN 10217-1 P235 TR1/2, P275 TR1/2
EN 10217-2 P235 GH, P265 GH
EN 10219-1 S235 JRH, S275 JOH, S275 J2H, S355 JOH, S355 J2H
EN 10297-1 E235, E275, E315, E355, E470