SA 178 Grade C Boiler Tube

Boiler tubes having a medium amount of carbon are known as Grade C A178 boiler pipes. The C, Mn, P, S, and Si compositions of SA 178 Grade C Boiler Tube are as indicated. Due to its excellent machinability, SA178C Boiler Tube has lower machining expenses.

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Category: Weld steel pipe Tags: ASTM A178, Boiler tube, ERW pipe

Description

ASTM A178 standard referes to electric-resistance-welded tubes with minimum-wall-thickness. Materials are carbon steel and carbon-manganese steel, ASTM A178 pipe and tube is to be used in boiler tubes, boiler flues, superheater flues and safe ends. Steel Grades A (low-carbon steel), C (medium-carbon steel), or D (carbon-manganese steel). Manufacturing processes must include heat treatment, welding after cooling. Crush test shall be performed if required by customer.

Chemical Requirements of ASTM A178

Grade	C	Mn	P	S	Si
Grade A Low carbon steel	0.06-0.18	0.27-0.63	0.035	0.035	...
Grade C Medium Carbon Steel	0.35 Max	0.80 Max	0.035	0.035	...
Grade D Manganess Steel	0.27 Max	1.00-1.50	0.03	0.015	0.10 Min.

Chemical Composition

The steel shall conform to the requirements as to chemical composition prescribed in Table 1.

When a grade is ordered under this specification, sup- plying an alloy grade that specifically requires the addition of any element other than those listed in Table 1 is not permitted.

Product Analysis

1. When requested on the purchase order, a product analy- sis shall be made by the manufacturer or supplier from one tube per 100 pieces for sizes over 3 in. [76.2 mm] and one tube per 250 pieces for sizes 3 in. [76.2 mm] and under; or when tubes are identified by heat, one tube per heat shall be analyzed. The chemical composition thus determined shall conform to the requirements specified.

2. If the original test for product analysis fails, retests of two additional lengths of flat-rolled stock or tubes shall be made. Both retests, for the elements in question, shall meet the requirements of the specification; otherwise all remaining material in the heat or lot (Note 2) shall be rejected or, at the option of the producer, each length of flat-rolled stock or tube may be individually tested for acceptance. Lengths of flat- rolled stock or tubes which do not meet the requirements of the specifications shall be rejected.

Mechanical Properties of ASTM A178

Grade	T.S. ksi [MPa]	Y.S. ksi [MPa]	EL. in 2" min. %
Grade C	60 [415]	37 [255]	30
Grade D	70 [485]	40 [275]	30

*T.S.: tensile strength; *Y.S.: yield strength; *EL.: elongation.

Manufacture & Heat Treatment

The ASTM A178 Grade D steel shall be killed. ASTM A178 tubes shall be made by electric-resistance welding process. After welding, all tubes shall be heat treated at a temperature of 1650°F [900°C] or higher and followed by cooling in air or in the cooling chamber of a controlled-atmosphere furnace. Cold-drawn tubes shall be heat treated after the final cold-draw pass at a temperature of 1200°F [650°F] or higher.

Testing & Inspection

ERW tubes made from ASTM A178 steel may be tested or inspected in the following ways covering crush test, flattening test, flange test, tension test, reverse tension test, hydrostatic test, nondestructive electric test, dimension inspection, visual examination, as well as ultrasonic inspection.

NOTE 2—A lot consists of 250 tubes for sizes 3 in. [76.2 mm] and under and of 100 tubes for sizes over 3 in. [76.2 mm], prior to cutting to length.

Special precision welded process flow

Different name

Condenser steel tube,heat-exchanger tube,low carbon steel pipe,Resistance welded steel tube ,Bolier flues,Spoerheater flues and safe ends,ERW carbon steel pipes.

Manufacturing Process: ERW

Heat treatment: After welding,all tubes shall be heat treated at a temperature of 1650°F(900℃) or higher and followed by cooling in air or in the cooling chamber of a controlled-atmosphere furnace,Cold-drawn tubes shall be heat treated after the final cold-draw pass at a temperature of 1200°F(650℃)or higher.

Surface Condition: Finished tubes shall be free of scale,A slight amount of oxidation will not be considered as scale.

Mechanical Tests Required: Flattenting Test/Flaring test/Flange test/Crush test/Tension test/Reverse Flattening test/Hydrostatic or Nondestructive Electric Test

Usage Used in boiler, superheater, heat-exchanger and pressure equipment in Petrochemical factory, Refinery factory, sugar mill, power plant, power plant, shipbuilding.

What is toughness of sa178c boiler tube?

ASTM A178 Grade C boiler tubes have a maximum hardness of around 79 HRB Max. Carbon content, size distribution, and additives are the important variables impacting the toughness of the SA178C boiler tube and the pace of austenite conversion. The result of this procedure is steel that is extremely fragile and prone to shattering when in use.

The carbon content, the quantity and kind of additional components in the metal, and the particular fabrication procedures used to make the tubes can all have an impact on how tough the ASTM A178 Gr C Boiler Tube is. The toughness of carbon steel can be increased through quenching operations by a ratio of roughly four, but the hardness is often decreased through successive tempering.

Astm a178 grade a vs c tube

The carbon content of SA178 A boiler tubing is lower than that of SA178 C boiler tubing. Additionally, grade A pipe contains less manganese.

As compared to ASTM A178 C tubing, ASTM A178 Grade A tubing has a lower tensile strength. Both grades’ yield strengths and hardness varied as well. SA 178 Gr A boiler tubes have a lower yield strength and harder surface than SA 178 Gr C boiler tubes. Their applications have also changed as a result of all these modifications. Grade A pipes have the UNS number K01200, whereas grade C pipes have the UNS number K03503.

How non-destructive electric test perform on sa178c boiler tubing?

Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing (PAUT), in combination with Time of Flight Diffraction, is unquestionably the most effective non-destructive electric test technique (TOFD) of SA 178 Gr C Superheater Tubes. Technicians and examiners have the exposure they need with a unified system to guarantee reliable functioning.

PAUT computationally efficient estimates to pulse across SA 178 Gr C boiler tubes. It can concurrently and consecutively pulse several beams coming from various directions to generate a complete cross-section, also at odd angles. This makes the capacity to explore irregular areas, like weld capping, particularly useful for pipe examination. For the purpose of inspecting welds, Time of Flight Diffraction employs electrical pulses to detect sensors on each of the weld’s sides (mainly axial and circumferential weld pipes).

How heat treatment is performed on sa178 grade a tube?

Following welding, ASTM SA178 gr. A pipe must be heat treated at a minimum heat of 1650°F (900°C) before being cooled in the open air or a controlled environment boiler. Just after the last cold-draw cycle, cold-drawn pipes must be heat treated at 1200° [650°C] or more significant.

There could be a significant change in the structural and nano-size deposition attributes (quantity, kind, and dimensions) after thermal treatment for SA178a Tube. This change may have a significant impact on the alloy’s ability to withstand corrosion. By strengthening the material, heat treatment can increase wear resistance.

According to specifications sa178a welded boiler tubes is offered in Sch-40, Sch-5, Sch-80, Sch-60, Sch-10, and std by stocking distributors, see purpose of sa178 grade a pipe

What is purpose of astm a178 grade a tubing?

The most essential technical purposes as well as particular automotive industries, specifically call for the usage of ASTM A178 A tubes. In particular, among many other goods with additional value, there is metal for Gas cylinders, API rating, a corrosion-resistant alloy of steel, important structural purpose metal, boiler excellence, auto-grading, precise pipes, & lower carbon grades.
Such tubes are used in various industries, including petroleum refining, chemical plants, power stations (thermal and nuclear), steelworks, sugarcane refineries, compressed gases, boilers apparatus, and general engineering. Such pipes are favored by the majority of people due to their resistance to corrosion.

Standard

Welded pipes specification and size

Product Name	Executive Standard	Dimension (mm)	Steel Code / Steel Grade
Electric-Resistance-Welded Steel Pipes	ASTM A135	42.2-114.3 x 2.11-2.63	A
Electric-Resistance-Welded Carbon Steel and Carbon-Manganese Steel Boiler and Superheater Tubes	ASTM A178	42.2-114.3 x 2.11-2.63	A, C,D
ERW and Hot-dip Galvanized Steel Pipes	ASTM A53	21.3-273 x 2.11-12.7	A, B
Pipes for Piling Usage	ASTM A252	219.1-508 x 3.6-12.7	Gr2, Gr3
Tubes for General Structural Purpose	ASTM A500	21.3-273 x 2.11-12.7	Carbon Steel
Square Pipes for General Structural Purpose	ASTM A500	25 x 25-160 x 160 x 1.2-8.0	Carbon Steel
Mechanical tubing	ASTM A513	21.3-273 x 2.11-12.7	carbon and alloy steel
Screwed and Socketed Steel Tubes	BS 1387	21.4-113.9 x 2-3.6	Carbon Steel
Scaffolding Pipes	EN 39	48.3 x 3.2-4	Carbon Steel
Carbon Steel Tubes for General Structure Purpose	JIS G3444	21.7-216.3 x 2.0-6.0	Carbon Steel
Carbon Steel Tubes for Machine Structure Purpose	JIS G3445	15-76 x 0.7-3.0	STKM11A, STKM13A
Carbon Steel Pipes for Ordinary Piping	JIS G3452	21.9-216.3 x 2.8-5.8	Carbon Steel
Carbon Steel Pipes for Pressure Service	JIS G3454	21.7-216.3 x 2.8-7.1	Carbon Steel
Carbon Steel Rigid Steel Conduits	JIS G8305	21-113.4 x 1.2-3.5	G16-G104, C19-C75, E19-E75
Carbon Steel Rectangular Pipes for General Structure	JIS G3466	16 x 16-150 x 150 x 0.7-6	Carbon Steel

Coating

Pipeline coating is the most consistent and successful solution for protecting ERW pipes from corrosion, from moisture, other harmful chemicals. Anti-corrosion steel pipe is processed through the preservation process, which can effectively prevent or slow down the process in the transport and use of chemical or electrochemical corrosion reaction of steel pipe. Therefore pipe anti-corrosion layer is an important barrier to prevent soil erosion. A well-known foreign scholar put forward” 3PE france protective layer”, so far, anti-corrosion methods is widely used. Coated pipes offer high resistance to corrosion on pipes and provide many benefits such as: 1. Increased Flow Capacity – A coating on pipes helps provide a smoother surface thus improving gas and liquid flow within pipes. 2. Reduced Cost – The pipeline coating increases the pipes durability so they can be deployed with minimum maintenance cost even in the harshest environments. 3. Lower energy usage – Various studies have shown that pipelines that are internally coated use less energy for pumping and compression of products through pipes. This helps in increased saving over time. 4. Clean delivery of products – The inhibitors used for the protection products can also be minimized by the use of coated pipes for delivery of products. Thus, coating of pipelines can help you in reducing your maintenance cost and at the same time providing a corrosion free reliable protection.

Basic functions of erw pipe coating

making the surface of ERW steel pipes free from electrochemical corrosion of the soil medium, the basic physics of bacterial corrosion protection.
resisting the move of the soil medium creep stress, static stress and abrasion force method and structure of the basic machinery protection.

The basic principles of urban gas pipeline coating selection:

good insulating and mechanical properties;
good resistance to cathodic disbondment performance;
good resistance to water, gas permeability;
good chemical resistance soaking performance and anti-aging properties;
resistance to low temperature and high temperature performance;
easy mending and mending;
at reasonable prices.

Types of coating:

Coating Specifications

2.1.External Coating 2.1.1 External Epoxy Coating

API RP 5L2 Recommended Practice for Internal Coating of Line Pipe for Non-Corrosive Gas Transmission Service.
CAN/CSA-Z245.20 Standard for External Fusion Bond Epoxy Coating for Steel Pipe
AS 3862 Standard Specification for External Fusion-Bonded Epoxy Coating for Steel Pipes
AWWA C210 Standard for Liquid-Epoxy Coating Systems for the Interior and Exterior of Steel Water Pipelines
AWWA C213 Standard for Fusion Bonded Epoxy Coating for the Interior and Exterior of Steel Water Pipelines.
DEP 31.40.30.32-Gen TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION FOR EXTERNAL FUSION-BONDED EPOXY POWDER COATINGFOR LINE PIPE
NFA 49-710 Standard Specification for External FBE layered Coating
ISO 21809-2:2007, Petroleum and natural gas industries-External coatings for buried or submerged pipelines used in pipeline transportation systems-Part 2:
Fusion-bonded epoxy coatings
NACE RP0394 – National Association of Corrosion Engineers Standard Recommended Practice, Application, Performance, and Quality Control of Plant Applied, Fusion Bonded Epoxy External Pipe Coating.
NACPA 12-78 – National Association of Pipe Coating Applicators External Application Procedure for Plant Applied fusion Bonded Epoxy (FBE) to Steel Pipe.
SAES-H-002 Internal and External Coatings for Steel Pipelines and Piping
09-SAMSS-089 Shop-Applied External FBE Coating
09-SAMSS-091 Shop-Applied Internal FBE Coatings

2.1.2 Polyethylene Coating

CAN/CSA Z245.21 External Polyethylene Coating for Pipe
DIN 30670 Polyethylene Sheathing of Steel Tubes and of Steel Shaped Fittings
NFA 49-710 External Three-Layer Polyethylene Based Coating, Application by Extrusion
DNV-RP-F106 Factory Applied External Pipeline Coatings For Corrosion Control
AS/NZS 1518 External Extruded High-Density Polyethylene Coating System for Pipes
ISO 21809-1 Petroleum and natural gas industries — External coatings for buried or submerged pipelines used in pipeline transportation systems – Part 1: Polyolefin coatings (3- layer PE and 3- layer PP)
ISO 21809-4:2009, Petroleum and natural gas industries -External coatings for buried or submerged pipelines used in pipeline transportation systems-Part 4: Polyethylene Coatings (2-layer PE)
DEP 31.40.30.31-Gen. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION FOR EXTERNAL POLYETHYLENE AND POLYPROPYLENE COATING FOR LINE PIPE
IPS-G-TP-335 Material and Construction Standard for Three Layer Polyethylene Coating System
NFA 49-710 External 3 layer Polyethylene Coating
PETROBRAS’ ET-200.03 Engineering Specification (“Piping Materials for Production and Process Facilities”) for using low density linear polyethylene in carbon steel piping, as to appendix 13 of such specification.
09-SAMSS-113 External Renovation Coating for Buried Pipelines and Piping (APCS-113)
UNI 9099-DIN 30670 Polyethylene Coating Applied by Extrusion

2.1.3 Polypropylene Coating

DIN30678 Polypropylene Sheathing of Steel Tubes and of Steel Shaped Fittings
EN 10286 Steel tubes and fittings for onshore and offshore pipelines –External three layer extruded polypropylene based coatings.
NFA 49-711 External Three-Layer Polypropylene Based Coating, Application by Extrusion
09-SAMSS-114 Shop-Applied Extruded, Three-Layer Polypropylene External Coatings for Line Pipe

2.1.4 Polyurethane Coating

AWWA C222-99: Polyurethane Coatings for the Interior and Exterior of Steel Water Pipe and Fittings
BS 5493- Polyurethane Coating
DIN 30677.2 polyurethane Insulation of the fittings
EN 10290- External Liquid Applied Polyurethane Coatings

2.1.5 Polyolefin Coating

AWWA C225-03: Fused Polyolefin Coating Systems for the Exterior of Steel Water Pipelines
AWWA C215-99: Extruded Polyolefin Coatings for the Exterior of Steel Water Pipelines
AWWA C216-00 Standard for Heat-Shrinkable Cross-Linked Polyolefin Coatings for the Exterior of Special Sections, Connections, and Fitting for the Steel Water Pipelines
AWWA C224 – 01: Two-layer Nylon-11 Based Polyamide Coating System for Interior and Exterior of Steel Water Pipe and Fittings
AWWA C225 – 03: Fused Polyolefin Coating Systems for the Exterior of Steel Water Pipelines

2.1.6 Tape Coating

ISO 21809-3:2008, Petroleum and natural gas industries-External coatings for buried or submerged pipelines used in pipeline transportation systems-Part 3: Field joint coatings
AWWA C209-00: Standard for Cold-Applied Tape Coatings for the Exterior of Special Sections, Connections, and Fittings for Steel Water Pipelines
AWWA C214-00 Standard for Tape Coating Systems for the Exterior of the Steel Water Pipelines
AWWA C217-99 Standard for Cold-Applied Petrolatum Tape and Petroleum Wax Tape Coatings for the Exterior for Special Sections, Connections, and Fittings for Buried/Submerged Steel Water Pipelines
AWWA C218-02 Standard for Coating the Exterior of Aboveground Steel Water Pipelines and Fittings
AWWA C224-01: Two-layer Nylon-11 Based Polyamide Coating System for Interior and Exterior of Steel Water Pipe and Fittings
EN 12068 – DIN 30672 STANDARD-POLYETHYLENE SELF ADHESIVE TAPES

2.1.7 Bitumen Coating

DIN 30673 Bitumen coatings and linings for steel pipes, fittings and vessels.
BS 534

2.1.8 Coal-Tar Enamel Coating

AWWA C-203 Coal-Tar Protective Coatings and Linings for Steel Water Pipelines-Enamel and Tape-Hot-Applied
AWWA C205 Cement Mortar Protective Lining and Coating for Steel Water Pipe – 4 inch (100 mm) and Larger- Shop Applied
BS 534

2.1.9 Concrete Weighted Coating

DNV-OS-F101 Submarine Pipeline System
ASTM C171 Specification for Sheet Material for Coating Concrete
BS EN 12620 Aggregates for Concrete
ISO 21809-5:2009, Petroleum and natural gas industries -External coatings for buried or submerged pipelines used in pipeline transportation systems – Part

5:External concrete coating.

ASTM C42 Standard Test Method for Obtaining and Testing Drilled Cores and Sawed Beams of Concrete
ASTM C642 Standard Test Method for Specific Gravity, Absorption and Voids in Hardened Concrete
ASTM C87 Standard Test Method for Effect of Impurities in Fine Aggregate on Strength of Mortar BS 1881 Methods of Testing Concrete
BS 3148 Methods of Test for Water for Making Concrete
BS 4482 Hard Drawn Mild Steel Wire for the Reinforcement of Concrete
BS 4483 Specification for Steel Fabric for the Reinforcement of Concrete
BS 4449 Specification for Carbon Steel Bars for Reinforcement of Concrete
ISO 4012 Determination of Compressive Strength of Test Specimen

2.1.10 Marine Coating

EN ISO 12944:1998 – Paints & Varnishes – Corrosion Protection of Steel Structures by protective paint system (parts 1 – 8)
ISO 20340:2009 Paints and varnishes – Performance requirements for protective paint systems for offshore and related structures
ISO 15741 Paints and varnishes-Friction-reduction coatings for the interior of on- and offshore pipelines for non-corrosive gases

2.1.11 Other specification

British Gas BGC/PS/CM1,
BGC/PWS/CM2
GAZ de France R 09
NACE RP 0181
NF A 49-706
TS 5140
TS 5139

2.2. Lining 2.2.1 Epoxy Lining

AWWA C210: Liquid-Epoxy Coating Systems for the Interior and Exterior of Steel Water Pipelines
API RP512 or NFA 49-709 Internal can be epoxy 80 microns
TS EN 10289
NFA 49708 Recommended Practice for Internal Coating of Line Pipe

2.2.2 Bitumen Lining

DIN 30673 Bitumen coatings and linings for steel pipes, fittings and vessels
UNI-ISO 5256/87 STANDARD-BITUMEN COATING
BS 534

2.2.3 Cement Mortar Lining

AS/NZS 1516 Cement Mortar Lining of Pipelines In Situ
AWWA C203-02: Coal-Tar Protective Coatings & Linings for Steel Water Pipelines, Enamel & Tape, Hot-pap. (Incl. add. C203a-99)
AWWA C205-00: Cement-Mortar Protective Lining and Coating for Steel Water Pipe- 4 In. (100 mm) and Larger-Shop application
AWWA C602 Standard for Cement-Mortar Lining of Water Pipelines – 4 inch (100 mm) and Larger – In Place
BS 534

2.2.4 Shop Cement Lined Piping

AWWA C205,C104,C602
DIN 2614
British Standard BS 534
British Petroleum GS 106-1
Shell DEP 30.48.30.31-Gen.
Saudi Aramco 01-SAMSS-005
KNPC ENG STD 87C1
API RP 10E

Pipe Coating Products

Fusion Bonded Epoxy – Fusion Bond Epoxy is a powder epoxy thermosetting coating applied for anticorrosion protection to steel pipelines. The pipe is first blast cleaned and heated. Then epoxy powder is spray applied by electrostatic guns to melt and form a uniform layer that hardens within a minute from application. Utilizing industry accepted materials supplied by manufacturers such as 3M, DuPont, and Valspar, the facility can apply FBE in a wide range of thickness to cost effectively meet any project specifications.
Fusion Bonded Epoxy with Abrasion Resistance Overcoating (FBE/ARO) – Utilizing two completely separate powder systems, the facility can produce FBE with an ARO at unprecedented processing speeds using industry accepted materials such as 3M 6352, DuPont 7-2610, and Lilly 2040.
Fusion Bonded Epoxy with High Temperature Resistant Overcoating – Utilizing two completely separate powder systems, the facility can produce FBE with a high operating temperature resistant overcoating such as DuPont’s Nap-Gard Gold and 3M’s 6258.
Fusion Bonded Epoxy with Zap-Wrap Overcoating – The facility is capable of processing line pipe with connections and of applying the Zap-Wrap abrasion resistance overcoating to the ends of each pipe.

Three Layer Polyethylene (3LPE) To improve anticorrosion performance and adhesion, an additional layer of epoxy primer is sprayed onto pipe surfaces prior to the adhesive layer and Polyethylene top layer application. Three Layer Polyethylene is suitable for service temperatures from 60°C to 80°C (85°C peaks). Typical coating thickness is from 1-2 mm to 3-5 mm. Three Layer Polypropylene (3LPP) If a wider service temperature range and high stiffness is required, adhesive and top layers, applied over primer layer, are based on polypropylene instead of polyethylene. Three Layer Polypropylene is suitable for service temperatures up to 135 °C (140°C peaks). Typical coating thickness is from 1-2 mm to 3-5 mm. Three Layer Polypropylene and Polyethylene Three Layer applications involve a thermoplastic coating applied to steel pipelines as a form of anticorrosion protection. This mechanical resistance is appropriate when the risk of particularly severe coating damages exist. The Three Layer process involved several steps. First, the pipe surface is blast cleaned to remove any external residue from the mill or storage. It is then heated and sprayed with a Fusion Bond Epoxy (FBE) primer followed by the application of an adhesive copolymer and polyolefin polymers that are wrap extruded, one over the other. Field applied products

3M: SK 134, SK6233, SK6352 Toughkote, SK 314, SK 323, SK 206N, SK 226N, SK 6251 DualKote SK-6171, SK 206P, SK226P,
3M Internal Coatings: Coupon EP2306HP
DuPont: 7-2500, 7-2501, 7-2502, 7-2508, 7-2514, 7-2803, 7-2504 Nap Gard Gold 7-2504, Nap Rock: 7-2610, 7-2617 FBE Powders
DuPont: Repair Kits; 7-1631, 7-1677, 7-1862, 7-1851
DuPont Internal Coatings: 7-0008, 7-0010, 7-0014, 7-0009SGR, 7-0009LGR, 7-2530, 7-2534, 7-2509
Akzo Nobel: FBE – Fusion Bond Epoxy
Internline 876 Seal Coat
Hampel: 85448,97840
Denso: 7200, 7900 High Service Temperature Coatings
Internal Liquid Epoxy: Powercrete Superflow

Delivery

FAQs

Advantage of ERW pipe

The alloy content of the coil is often lower than similar grades of steel plate, improving the weldability of the spiral welded pipe. Due to the rolling direction of spiral welded pipe coil is not perpendicular to the pipe axis direction, the crack resistance of the spiral welded pipe materials.

Inquiry

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FAQ

Q: How long is your delivery time? A: The delivery time of customized products is generally 25 35 days, and non customized products are generally shipped within 24 hours after payment. Q: Do you provide samples? Is it free? A: If the value of the sample is low, we will provide it for free, but the freight needs to be paid by the customer. But for some high value samples, we need to charge a fee. Q: What are your payment terms? A: T/T 30% as the deposit,The balance payment is paid in full before shipment Q: What is the packaging and transportation form? A: Non steaming wooden box and iron frame packaging. Special packaging is available according to customer needs. The transportation is mainly by sea. Q: What is your minimum order quantity? A: There is no minimum order quantity requirement. Customized products are tailor made according to the drawings provided by the customer.