Alloy Steel A335 P91 Pipes

Description

Alloy steel A335 P91 pipes is made of a combination of alloy elements, including chromium, molybdenum, and vanadium. This strain-hardened combination creates a strong but lightweight material with incredible tensile strength and impact resistance. Furthermore, it can withstand extremely high temperatures without losing strength or integrity. Additionally, the controlled inclusion of carbon within these pipes helps them resist corrosion more fully when exposed to certain environments. These qualities are ideal for use in steam-generating plants and the petrochemical industry.

A335 P91 alloy steel pipes boast a long list of advantages that make them an extremely popular material choice across various jobs. They have excellent heat resistance and toughness, making the material suitable for construction applications with high temperatures or hazardous materials. It also has superior weldability compared to other alloy steels, making it easier to shape and fabricate components out of this material. Aside from its durability, alloy steel pipe p91 also produces ductile components and is highly resistant to corrosion, meaning it can be used in harsh environments where the weather could damage pieces made from pure metal.

ASTM A335 Grade P91 pipe is premium grade pipe applied for high pressure boiler. And P91 pipe is ideal when it comes to bending, flanging or when it is used in similar operations such as welding. The material of steel should stick to the composition of chemicals, tensile property and the requirements of hardness.

ASTM A335 P91 alloy steel pipe and high pressure boiler pipes are the two variants available and the range is dependent based on the size, which is solely based on the usage. The length of the pipe will be subject to hydrostatic test and there will also be a non-destructive examination based on the specifications.

ASTM A335 P91 high pressure semaless boiler pipe, The range of ASTM A335 P91 seamless alloy steel pipe sizes that may be examined by each method shall be subjected to the limitations in the scope of the respective practice.

• Outer Dimensions: 19.05mm – 114.3mm
• Wall Thickness: 2.0mm – 14 mm
• Length: max 16000mm

Steel grade: ASTM A335 P91

Chemical Composition(%) ASTM A335

ASTM Specification pipe confirming to ASTM A335 shall have the following chemical properties. Tensile and Hardness Requirements The tensile properties of the ASTM A335 pipe shall conform to the requirements as prescribed. Pipe of Grades P91, P92, and P122 shall have a hardness not exceeding 250 HB/265 HV [25 HRC]. For pipe of Grades P91, P92, P122, and P911, Brinell, Vickers, or Rockwell hardness tests shall be made on a specimen from each lot (see Note 7). These pipe bear high resistance to rupture at high temperature and pressures. With hydrogen crack resistance and sulfide stress corrosion cracking chrome moly pipe are highly preferred over Carbon pipe.

Grade	UN	C≤	Mn	P≤	S≤	Si≤	Cr	Mo
P1	K11522	0.10~0.20	0.30~0.80	0.025	0.025	0.10~0.50	–	0.44~0.65
P2	K11547	0.10~0.20	0.30~0.61	0.025	0.025	0.10~0.30	0.50~0.81	0.44~0.65
P5	K41545	0.15	0.30~0.60	0.025	0.025	0.5	4.00~6.00	0.44~0.65
P5b	K51545	0.15	0.30~0.60	0.025	0.025	1.00~2.00	4.00~6.00	0.44~0.65
P5c	K41245	0.12	0.30~0.60	0.025	0.025	0.5	4.00~6.00	0.44~0.65
P9	S50400	0.15	0.30~0.60	0.025	0.025	0.50~1.00	8.00~10.00	0.44~0.65
P11	K11597	0.05~0.15	0.30~0.61	0.025	0.025	0.50~1.00	1.00~1.50	0.44~0.65
P12	K11562	0.05~0.15	0.30~0.60	0.025	0.025	0.5	0.80~1.25	0.44~0.65
P15	K11578	0.05~0.15	0.30~0.60	0.025	0.025	1.15~1.65	–	0.44~0.65
P21	K31545	0.05~0.15	0.30~0.60	0.025	0.025	0.5	2.65~3.35	0.80~1.60
P22	K21590	0.05~0.15	0.30~0.60	0.025	0.025	0.5	1.90~2.60	0.87~1.13
P91	K91560	0.08~0.12	0.30~0.60	0.02	0.01	0.20~0.50	8.00~9.50	0.85~1.05
P92	K92460	0.07~0.13	0.30~0.60	0.02	0.01	0.5	8.50~9.50	0.30~0.60

Chrome Moly Pipes: Werkstoff vs EN vs ASTM

ASTM A335 pipe may be either hot finished or cold drawn with the finishing treatment as required in Grade P2 and P12 – The steel shall be made by coarse- grain melting practice. Specific limits, if any, on grain size or deoxidation practice shall be a matter of agreement between the manufacturer and purchaser.

Werkstoff /DIN	EN	ASTM
1.5415	16Mo3	A335 Grade P1
1.7335	13CrMo4-5	A335 Grade P11, P12
1.738	10CrMo9-10	A335 Grade P22
1.7362	X11CrMo5	A335 Grade P5
		A335 Grade P9
1.4903	X10CrMoVNb9-1	A335 Grade P91

Tensile Requirements

Tensile Strength, min., psi	P-5	P-9	P-11	P-22	P-91
ksi	60	60	60	60	85
MPa	415	415	415	415	585
Yield Strength, min., psi
ksi	30	30	30	30	60
MPa	205	205	205	205	415

Product Analysis At the request of the purchaser, an analysis of two pipe from each lot shall be made by the manufacturer. A lot of ASTM A335 pipe shall consist of the following: NPS Designator Under 2 400 or fraction thereof 2 to 5 200 or fraction thereof 6 and over 100 or fraction thereof.
Note: ASTM A335 P91 shall not have a hardness not exceeding 250 HB/265 HV [25HRC].

Mechanical properties of ASTM A335

Grade	Tensile strength	Yield strength
P1,P2	380	205
P12	415	220
P23	510	400
P91	585	415
P92,P11	620	440
P122	620	400

A335 is often called chrome moly pipe because of the chemical makeup of Molybdenum (Mo) and Chromium (Cr). Molybdenum increases the strength of steel as well as the elastic limit, resistance to wear, impact qualities, and hardenability. Moly increases the resistance to softening, restrains grain growth and makes chromium steel less susceptible to embrittlement. Moly is the most effective single additive that increases high temperature creep strength.

It also enhances the corrosion resistance of steel, and inhibits pitting. Chromium (or chrome) is the essential constituent of stainless steel. Any steel with 12% or more Chrome is considered stainless. Chrome is virtually irreplaceable in resisting oxidation at elevated temperatures. Chrome raises the tensile, yield, and hardness at room temperatures. The composition chrome moly alloy steel pipe make it ideal for use in power plants, refineries, petro chemical plants, and oil field services where fluids and gases are transported at extremely high temperatures and pressures.

Heat Treatment Requirements

Grade	Heat Treatment Type P5, P9, P11, and P22	Normalizing Temperature Range F [C]	Subcritical Annealing or Tempering Temperature Range F [C]
A335 P5 (b,c)	Full or Isothermal Anneal
	Normalize and Temper	*****	1250 [675]
	Subcritical Anneal (P5c only)	*****	1325 – 1375 [715 - 745]
A335 P9	Full or Isothermal Anneal
	Normalize and Temper	*****	1250 [675]
A335 P11	Full or Isothermal Anneal
	Normalize and Temper	*****	1200 [650]
A335 P22	Full or Isothermal Anneal
	Normalize and Temper	*****	1250 [675]
A335 P91	Normalize and Temper	1900-1975 [1040 - 1080]	1350-1470 [730 - 800]
	Quench and Temper	1900-1975 [1040 - 1080]	1350-1470 [730 - 800]

Each length of pipe shall be subjected to the hydrostatic test. Also, each pipe shall be examined by a non-destructive examination method in accordance to the required practices.

The different mechanical test requirements for pipes, namely, transverse or longitudinal tension test, flattening test, and hardness or bend test are presented.Both ends of each crate will indicate the order no., heat no., dimensions, weight and bundles or as requested.

Material & Manufacture

Pipe may be either hot finished or cold drawn with the finishing heat treatment noted below.

Heat Treatment

• A / N+T
• N+T / Q+T
• N+T

Mechanical Tests Specified

• Transverse or Longitudinal Tension Test and Flattening Test, Hardness Test, or Bend Test
• For material heat treated in a batch-type furnace, tests shall be made on 5% of the pipe from each treated lot. For small lots, at least one pipe shall be tested.
• For material heat treated by the continuous process, tests shall be made on a sufficient number of pipe to constitute 5% of the lot, but in no case less than 2 pipe.

Notes for Bend Test:

• For pipe whose diameter exceeds NPS 25 and whose diameter to wall thickness ratio is 7.0 or less shall be subjected to the bend test instead of the flattening test.
• Other pipe whose diameter equals or exceeds NPS 10 may be given the bend test in place of the flattening test subject to the approval of the purchaser.
• The bend test specimens shall be bent at room temperature through 180 without cracking on the outside of the bent portion.

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Advantages of P91

SA 335 P91 or SA 213 T91 is the ultimate Ferrite Alloy steel that meets the extensive condition. Normally, the materials are used in many numbers of successful power plant service. Metal is also called as the 9 Cr 1 Mo steel with more composition. T22 or P22 grade is its predecessor but the Grade 91 mainly exhibits with the higher strength of temperature in the range of about 600 °C. Oxidation temperature mainly limits to higher features so it also effectively allows power plant designers to extensively engineer the components. In fact, it also effectively allows power plant designers for easily engineering the components with superheater coils, steam piping and headers as it mainly has less thickness. The metal also contributes higher thermal fatigue life that is ten times stronger when compared to other metals in much excellence. It also effectively allows to increase operating temperature at the higher level and increased efficiency at the power plant.

Normally, Alloy steel is not tolerant based on variations in the microstructure when compared to the P22 grade and other grades. Alloy steel is available in the difference that mainly contains the amount of carbon and iron. These are like the carbon steel along with it has other elements. Elements used in the Alloy steel mainly add manganese, silicon, chromium, vanadium, boron, and nickel. With more number of value composition about elements that are presented based on different ranges with more properties in the alloy steel. Normally, usage or application of alloy steel is to acquire the well-determined physical properties of the steel. The alloy steel falls into 2 types that include low alloy steels and high alloy steels. The Alloy steel is considered as the high alloy properties with the amount of the included elements belongs to the level of 8%. When these elements are combined with the range that is perforated in the below 8% value then it is called as low alloy steel. Low alloy steel is only used in most of the factories.

Alloy Steel P91 is manufactured based on precision and strict industry standard that mainly follows the heat treatment requirements. It is also reported that the failures of base materials are completely based on the different stages of usage. Alloy Steel P91 mainly used for different application with the extensive precision manufactured that are also complete reinstate with the microstructure to the high excellence. Alloy Steel P91 has properties much lower when compared to the predecessor P22. The effect of variation based on treatment on properties would be quite easier to analyze but it is not in the suitable for P91. Fabrication with construction phase mainly affects microstructure with reversed by precise heat treatment. In fact, it also brings microstructure back to original size and shape to the excellence. Alloy Steel P91 is decided based on tanker linings with complete prevalent consumption protection with high return quality and it also efficiently adds structures. With the variety of welding consumables along other national specifications enabled, P91 materials are widely used across for different aspects.

ASTM A335 P91 pipe Stocks

ASTM A335 P91 is the part of ASTM A335, The pipe shall be suitable for bending, flanging, and similar forming operations, and for fusion welding. The steel material shall conform to chemical composition, tensile property, and hardness requirements.

The range of ASTM A335 P91 pipe sizes that may be examined by each method shall be subjected to the limitations in the scope of the respective practice.