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310S Stainless Steel Plate
Alloy 310 is an austenitic stainless steel that combines excellent high temperature properties with good ductility and weldability. It is typically used for elevated temperature applications as its high chromium and nickel content provide solid corrosion resistance, excellent resistance to oxidation, and superior strength in temperatures up to 2100°F. Due to its high chromium and nickel content, it is superior to 304 or 309 stainless in most environments.
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Description
Alloy 310 is an austenitic stainless steel that combines excellent high temperature properties with good ductility and weldability. It is typically used for elevated temperature applications as its high chromium and nickel content provide solid corrosion resistance, excellent resistance to oxidation, and superior strength in temperatures up to 2100°F. Due to its high chromium and nickel content, it is superior to 304 or 309 stainless in most environments.
ASTM A240 stainless plate 310s,as the very good oxidation resistance, resistant to 310 s 310 s stainless steel stainless steel corrosion, due to high percentage of chromium and nickel, having a much better creep strength, can continue to work at high temperatures, has good resistance to high temperature.Nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr) content is high, has good resistance to oxidation and corrosion resistance, acid and alkali resistance, high temperature performance, high temperature resistant steel pipe is dedicated to manufacturing occasions such as the electric heating furnace tubes, stainless steel after the increase of carbon content in austenite size, due to its solid solution strengthening effect strength was improved, the chemical composition of stainless steel austenite size features based on chromium, nickel, add, tungsten molybdenum, niobium and titanium elements, due to its organization is face-centered cubic structure, thus has high strength and creep at high temperature strength.Melting point 1470 , 800 began to soften, allowable stress continues to reduce.
Stainless steel 310/310s sheets & plates equivalent grades
| STANDARD | WERKSTOFF NR. | UNS | JIS | BS | GOST | AFNOR | EN |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SS 310 | 1.4841 | S31000 | SUS 310 | 310S24 | 20Ch25N20S2 | - | X15CrNi25-20 |
| SS 310S | 1.4845 | S31008 | SUS 310S | 310S16 | 20Ch23N18 | - | X8CrNi25-21 |
Chemical properties of SS 310 / 310S
Weight % (all values are maximum unless a range is otherwise indicated)| Grade | C | Mn | Si | P | S | Cr | Mo | Ni | Fe |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SS 310 | 0.015 max | 2.0 max | 0.15 max | 0.020 max | 0.015 max | 24.00 – 26.00 | 0.10 max | 19.00 – 21.00 | 54.7 min |
| SS 310S | 0.08 max | 2.0 max | 1.00 max | 0.045 max | 0.030 max | 24.00 – 26.00 | 0.75 max | 19.00 – 21.00 | 53.095 min |
Mechanical properties of SS 310 / 310S
| Density | Melting Point | Tensile Strength | Yield Strength (0.2%Offset) | Elongation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7.9 g/cm3 | 1402 °C (2555 °F) | Psi – 75000 , MPa – 515 | Psi – 30000 , MPa – 205 | 0.4 |
PMI Test Plate
Positive material identification (PMI) is used to analyse and identify material grade and alloy composition for quality and safety control. A rapid, non-destructive method, positive material identification is performed on a wide range of components and assets, and provides a semi-quantitative chemical analysis.
Alloy 310 (UNS S31000) is an austenitic stainless steel developed for use in high temperature corrosion resistant applications. The alloy resists oxidation up to 2010oF (1100oC) under mildly cyclic conditions.
Because of its high chromium and moderate nickel content, Alloy 310 is resistant to sulfidation and can also be used in moderately carburizing atmospheres.
The more severe carburizing atmospheres of thermal process equipment usually require nickel alloys such as 330 (UNS N08330). Alloy 310 can be utilized in slightly oxidizing, nitriding, cementing and thermal cycling applications, albeit, the maximum service temperature must be reduced. Alloy 310 also finds usage in cryogenic applications with low magnetic permeability and toughness down to -450oF (-268oC). When heated between 1202 – 1742oF (650 – 950oC) the alloy is subject to sigma phase precipitation. A solution annealing treatment at 2012 – 2102oF (1100 – 1150oC) will restore a degree of toughness.
310S (UNS S31008) is the low carbon version of the alloy. It is utilized for ease of fabrication. 310H (UNS S31009) is a high carbon modification developed for enhanced creep resistance. In most instances the grain size and carbon content of the plate can meet both the 310S and 310H requirements.
Alloy 310 can be easily welded and processed by standard shop fabrication practices.
Standards
- ASTM……..A 240
- ASME……..SA 240
- AMS……….5521
Applications
SUS310S stainless steel is Japanese SUS series austenitic stainless steel. The oxidation resistance is better than 0Cr23Ni13. In fact, it is mostly used as heat-resistant steel.
- Cryogenic Components
- Food Processing
- Furnaces – burners, doors, fans, piping and recuperators
- Fluidized Bed Furnaces – coal combustors, grids, piping, wind boxes
- Ore Processing/Steel Plants – smelter and steel melting equipment, continuous casting equipment
- Petroleum Refining – catalytic recovery systems, flares, recuperators, tube hangers
- Power Generation – coal gasifier internals, pulverized coal burners, tube hangers
- Sintering/Cement Plants – burners, burner shields, feeding and discharging systems, wind boxes
- Thermal Processing – annealing covers and boxes, burner grids, doors, fans, muffles and retorts, recuperators, walking beams
Corrosion Resistance
Wet Corrosion
Alloy 310 is not designed for service in wet corrosive environments. The high carbon content, which is present to enhance creep properties, has a detrimental effect on aqueous corrosion resistance. The alloy is prone to intergranular corrosion after long term exposure at high temperatures. However, due to its high chromium content (25%), Alloy 310 is more corrosion resistant than most heat resistant alloys.
High Temperature Corrosion
The high chromium (25%) and silicon (0.6%) content of Alloy 310 make it more resistant to high temperature corrosion in most in-service environments. Operating temperatures are listed below.
Oxidizing conditions (max sulfur content – 2 g/m3)
1922°F (1050°C) continuous service
2012°F (1100°C) peak temperature
Oxidizing conditions (max sulfur greater than 2 g/m3)
1742°F (950°C) maximum temperature
Low oxygen atmosphere (max sulfur content – 2 g/m3)
1832°F (1000°C) maximum temperature
Nitriding or carburizing atmospheres
1562 – 1742°F (850 – 950°C) maximum
The alloy does not perform as well as Alloy 600 (UNS N06600) or Alloy 800 (UNS N08800) in reducing, nitriding or carburizing atmospheres, but it does outperform most heat resistant stainless steels in these conditions.
Fabrication Data
Alloy 310 can be easily welded and processed by standard shop fabrication practices.
Hot Forming
Heat uniformly at 1742 – 2192°F (950 – 1200°C). After hot forming a final anneal at 1832 – 2101°F (1000 – 1150°C) followed by rapid quenching is recommended.
Cold Forming
The alloy is quite ductile and forms in a manner very similar to 316. Cold forming of pieces with long-term exposure to high temperatures is not recommended since the alloy is subject to carbide precipitation and sigma phase precipitants.
Welding
Alloy 310 can be readily welded by most standard processes including TIG, PLASMA, MIG, SMAW, SAW and FCAW.
Standard
The reality is there are many nuances associated with steel plate and failure to understand them will result in many problems throughout its use in a project. The information in this eBook is meant to clear up many misconceptions.
Carbon steel plate is manufactured for a variety of applications based on its carbon content. Low carbon steel plate, depending on its thickness offers characteristics such as maximum cold forming capability, weldability and improved machining. Medium carbon steel plates (.40 – .50) that are silicon killed offers better strength capabilities but have limited machining and welding properties.
Other types of steel plate offer benefits for structure and construction applications, resistance to abrasion, and the ability to withstand high temperatures and pressures. Additionally, steel plate coils are available in low carbon, pickled and oiled, and black steel coils used for precision roller leveling. It may also be used for cutting standard and custom lengths up to 480”.
As there are different sizes, there are different types of steel plate: stainless steel (commonly known), high-carbon, low-carbon, or alloy steel plates. Each of these types of steel plate are used for different applications, some may be household items while others are much larger, like buildings or tanks.
Steel plate standards
It is customary for American made steel plate manufacturers to choose to have their hot rolled plates recognized by several of these governing bodies, such as ASTM International, ANSI, AISC, AISI, ASCE, ASME, and the AWS along with their European Union standards counterparts.| Abbreviation | Full description |
|---|---|
| ASTM International | American Society for Testing and Materials |
| ANSI | American National Standards Institute |
| AISC | American Institute of Steel Construction |
| AISI | American Iron & Steel Institute |
| ASCE | American Society of Civil Engineers |
| ASME | American Society of Mechanical Engineers |
| AWS | American Welding Society |
Shipbuiding standards from different countries
Shipbuilding steel plates are produced under the approval of production methods of classification societies in different countries refers to offshore and marine steels.
- ABS (American Bureau of Shipping)
- BV (Bureau Veritas)
- CCS (China Classification Society)
- DNV (Det Norske Veritas)
- GL (Germanischer Lloyd)
- HR (Hellenic Register of Shipping)
- KR (Korean Register of Shipping)
- LR (Lloyd’s Register of Shipping)
- NK (Nippon Kaiji Kyokai)
- RINA (Registro Italiano Navale)
- RS (India Register of Shipping)
What is carbon steel?
Iron and carbon are the most abundant materials present in steel. Pure iron is not particularly strong or hard on its own, so it is the addition of carbon that helps give steel its great strength.
The crude iron used to produce steel has a relatively high amount of carbon. Its carbon composition can be as high as 2.1%, which is the greatest amount of carbon a material can contain and still be considered steel.
However, iron can be processed further to reduce carbon. This manipulation of carbon alters several material properties, including:
Strength: The load a material can bear, measured by yield point and tensile strength. Yield point is the point at which a material deforms, but does not break, and tensile strength is the amount of stress needed to actually break a material.
Ductility: The amount a material can be stretched without becoming brittle. Ductility is measured by elongation, which is the percent the length of a material increases before it breaks.
Hardness: The wear resistance of material and machinability of material. This is usually measured on the Rockwell hardness scale or Brinell Hardness scale.
The carbon present in steel is typically reduced so that it fits into three main categories of carbon steel: low (or mild), medium and high carbon steel. Each of these categories contain different levels of carbon, show in the chart below.| Type of carbon steel | Carbon composition |
|---|---|
| Low carbon/mild | 0.05-0.25% |
| Medium carbon | 0.26-0.60% |
| High carbon | 0.61-1.50% |
Carbon steel plate almost include all the common standards of steel plate/sheet.
- ASTM A36 plates – The most common standards of carbon steel plate
- ASTM A283 Grade A, B, C – Also most common material in carbon structural.
- ASTM A516 – For boiler, vessel steel plate.
- ASTM A537 – For heat treated carbon steel plate in fusion welded pressure vessels and structural steel plates.
- ASTM A573 – A kind of structural steel plate with carbon-manganese-silicon.
- ASTM A572 – ASTM A572 plate mechanical strength is higher than A36. Where with lower weight.
- ASTM A737 – For boiler, pressure vessels steel plate of low alloy steel. and etc..
So carbon steel plates have a widely coverage for different types of steel plates in different industries.
What is low carbon steel?
Also known as mild steel, low carbon steel has low strength relative to steel with higher carbon levels. Low carbon steel is the most ductile – or machinable – type of carbon steel as well.
Chemical alloys can also be added to low carbon steel to enhance desired properties without increasing the material’s weight. For example, if low carbon steel requires greater hardness for its desired application, manganese can be added to increase hardness without adding weight. Low carbon steel that contains additional alloys is typically referred to as high strength, low alloy (HSLA) steel.
Some of the most common low carbon steel plate grades, all stocked by us, include ASTM A36, A572 Grades 42 & 50 and A830-1020. Each of these grades have moderate strength, high ductility and lighter weight due to the low carbon content and addition of other alloys. These properties make low carbon steel ideal for use in structural applications like building construction, bridges and transmission towers, where materials must be able to withstand high stress while also being easy to form into structural shapes.
What is medium carbon steel?
Medium carbon steel provides a balance between low and high carbon steel, offering greater strength and hardness than low carbon steel while still remaining more ductile than high carbon steel. Medium carbon steel also typically contains other alloys, such as manganese, that also contribute to its properties.
In applications where greater toughness and hardness are required, medium carbon steel plate can receive heat treatments – such as quenching and tempering – that enhance these properties without compromising its machinability.
Quenching and tempering is a two-step heat treatment process. In the quenching step of this process, steel is heated to a temperature between 1,500-and 1,650-degrees Fahrenheit, then rapidly cooled with water. In the tempering step, the steel is then re-heated to a below-critical temperature – between 300 and 700 degrees – and air-cooled. This process alters the crystal grain structure of steel to enhance hardness and other mechanical properties.
Two common medium carbon steel plate grades that stocks are ASTM A516 Grade 70 and A830-1045. The moderate carbon composition and additional alloys give these grades – and other medium carbon grades – a balance of strength, hardness, ductility and wear resistance. These properties make medium carbon steel ideal for use in applications where materials must withstand strong forces without breaking or wearing out, such as machine parts – including gears, axles and bolts – pressure vessel tanks and automotive parts and components.
Main steel grades of carbon steel plate
Carbon steel is a steel with carbon content from about 0.05 up to 3.8 per cent by weight.| Standard | Steel Grade | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ASTM A36/A36M | A36 | |||
| ASTM A283/A283M | A283 Grade A | A283 Grade B | A283 Grade C | A283 Grade D |
| ASTM A514/A514M | A514 Grade A | A514 Grade B | A514 Grade C | A514 Grade E |
| A514 Grade F | A514 Grade H | A514 Grade J | A514 Grade K | |
| A514 Grade M | A514 Grade P | A514 Grade Q | A514 Grade R | |
| A514 Grade S | A514 Grade T | |||
| ASTM A572/A572M | A572 Grade 42 | A572 Grade 50 | A572 Grade 55 | A572 Grade 60 |
| A572 Grade 65 | ||||
| ASTM A573/A573M | A573 Grade 58 | A573 Grade 65 | A573 Grade 70 | |
| ASTM A588/A588M | A588 Grade A | A588 Grade C | A588 Grade K | A588 Grade B |
| ASTM A633/A633M | A633 Grade A | A633 Grade C | A633 Grade D | A633 Grade E |
| ASTM A656/A656M | A656 Grade 50 | A656 Grade 60 | A656 Grade 70 | A656 Grade 80 |
| ASTM A709/A709M | A709 Grade 36 | A709 Grade 50A573Grade70 | A709 Grade 50S | A709 Grade 50W |
| A709 Grade HPS50W | A709 Grade HPS70W | A709 Grade 100 | A709 Grade 100W | |
| A709 Grade HPS100W | ||||
| ASME SA36/SA36M | SA36 | |||
| ASME SA283/SA283M | SA283 Grade A | SA283 Grade B | SA283 Grade C | SA283 Grade D |
| ASME SA514/SA514M | SA514 Grade A | SA514 Grade B | SA514 Grade C | SA514 Grade E |
| SA514 Grade M | SA514 Grade P | SA514 Grade Q | SA514 Grade R | |
| SA514 Grade S | SA514 Grade T | |||
| ASME SA572/SA572M | SA572 Grade 42 | SA572 Grade 50 | SA572 Grade 55 | SA572 Grade 60 |
| SA572 Grade 65 | ||||
| ASME SA573/SA573M | SA573 Grade 58 | SA573 Grade 65 | SA573 Grade 70 | |
| ASME SA588/SA588M | SA588 Grade A | SA588 Grade B | SA588 Grade C | SA588 Grade K |
| ASME SA633/SA633M | SA633 Grade A | SA633 Grade C | SA633 Grade D | SA633 Grade E |
| ASME SA656/SA656M | SA656 Grade 50 | SA656 Grade 60 | SA656 Grade 70 | SA656 Grade 80 |
| ASME SA709/SA709M | SA709 Grade 36 | SA709 Grade 50 | SA709 Grade 50S | SA709 Grade 50W |
| SA709 Grade HPS50W | SA709 Grade HPS70W | SA709 Grade 100 | SA709 Grade 100W | |
| SA709 Grade HPS100W | ||||
| EN10025-2 | S235JR | S235J0 | S235J2 | S275JR |
| S275J0 | S275J2 | S355JR | S355J0 | |
| S355J2 | S355K2 | S420J0 | ||
| EN10025-3 | S275N | S275NL | S355N | S355NL |
| S420N | S420NL | S460N | S460NL | |
| EN10025-4 | S275M | S275ML | S355M | S420ML |
| S355ML | S460M | S420M | S460ML | |
| EN10025-6 | S460Q | S460QL | S460QL1 | S500Q |
| S500QL | S500QL1 | S550Q | S550QL | |
| S550QL1 | S620Q | S620QL | S620QL1 | |
| S690Q | S690QL | S890Q | S690QL1 | |
| S890QL | S890QL1 | S960Q | S960QL | |
| JIS G3101 | SS330 | SS400 | SS490 | SS540 |
| JIS G3106 | SM400A | SM400B | SM400C | SM490A |
| SM490B | SM490C | SM490YA | SM490YB | |
| SM520B | SM520C | SM570 | ||
| DIN 17100 | St37-2 | USt37-2 | RSt37-2 | St37-3 |
| St52-3 | ||||
| DIN 17102 | StE255 | WStE255 | TStE255 | EStE255 |
| StE285 | WStE285 | TStE285 | EStE285 | |
| StE315 | WStE315 | TStE315 | EStE315 | |
| StE355 | WStE355 | TStE355 | EStE355 | |
| StE380 | WStE380 | TStE380 | EStE380 | |
| StE420 | WStE420 | TStE420 | EStE420 | |
| StE460 | WStE460 | TStE460 | EStE460 | |
| StE500 | WStE500 | TStE500 | EStE500 | |
| GB/T700 | Q235A | Q235B | Q235C | Q235D |
| Q275 | ||||
| GB/T1591 | Q345A | Q345B | Q345C | Q345D |
| Q345E | Q390A | Q390B | Q390C | |
| Q390D | Q390E | Q420A | Q420B | |
| Q420C | Q420D | Q420E | Q460C | |
| Q460D | Q460E | |||
| GB/T16270 | Q460C | Q460D | Q460E | Q460F |
| Q500C | Q500D | Q500E | Q500F | |
| Q550C | Q550D | Q550E | Q550F | |
| Q620C | Q620D | Q620E | Q620F | |
| Q690C | Q690D | Q690E | Q690F | |
| Q800C | Q800D | Q800E | Q800F | |
| Q890C | Q890D | Q890E | Q890F | |
| Q960C | Q960D | Q960E | Q960F | |
Main steel grades of alloy steel plate
Alloy steel plates are defined as steel plates with a definite range or definite minimum quantity of additional elements, depending on the alloy.| Standard | Steel Grade | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EN10083-3 | 38Cr2 | 41CrS4 | 50CrMo4 | 51CrV4 |
| 46Cr2 | 25CrMo4 | 30CrNiMo8 | 20MnB5 | |
| 34Cr4 | 25CrMoS4 | 34CrNiMo6 | 30MnB5 | |
| 34CrS4 | 34CrMo4 | 35NiCr6 | 38MnB5 | |
| 37Cr4 | 34CrMoS4 | 36NiCrMo16 | 27MnCrB5-2 | |
| 37CrS4 | 42CrMo4 | 39NiCrMo3 | 33MnCrB5-2 | |
| 41Cr4 | 42CrMoS4 | 30NiCrMo16-6 | 39MnCrB6-2 | |
| GB/T 3077 | 20Mn2 | 20MnVB | 12CrMoV | 20CrNi |
| 30Mn2 | 40MnVB | 35CrMoV | 40CrNi | |
| 35Mn2 | 20MnTiB | 12Cr1MoV | 45CrNi | |
| 40Mn2 | 25MnTiBRE | 25Cr2MoVA | 50CrNi | |
| 45Mn2 | 15Cr | 25Cr2Mo1VA | 12CrNi2 | |
| 50Mn2 | 15CrA | 38CrMoAl | 12CrNi3 | |
| 20MnV | 20Cr | 40CrV | 20CrNi3 | |
| 27SiMn | 30Cr | 50CrVA | 30CrNi3 | |
| 35SiMn | 35Cr | 15CrMn | 37CrNi3 | |
| 42SiMn | 40Cr | 20CrMn | 12Cr2Ni4 | |
| 20SiMn2MoV | 45Cr | 40CrMn | 20Cr2Ni4 | |
| 25SiMn2MoV | 50Cr | 20CrMnSi | 20CrNiMo | |
| 37SiMn2MoV | 38CrSi | 25CrMnSi | 40CrNiMoA | |
| 40B | 12CrMo | 30CrMnSi | 18CrNiMnMoA | |
| 45B | 15CrMo | 30CrMnSiA | 45CrNiMoVA | |
| 50B | 20CrMo | 35CrMnSiA | 18Cr2Ni4WA | |
| 40MnB | 30CrMo | 20CrMnMo | 25Cr2Ni4WA | |
| 45MnB | 30CrMoA | 40CrMnMo | ||
| 20MnMoB | 35CrMo | 20CrMnTi | ||
| 15MnVB | 42CrMo | 30CrMnTi | ||
Stainless steel plate
Quality stainless steel plates are useful in a wide range of industries as they are generally used in elevators, doors, windows, kitchen utensils, pressure vessels, and much more. This product’s formability, longevity, and resistance to corrosion makes it perfect.
Main chemical elements of normal stainless steel
The main alloying element in the stainless steel composition is Ferrum (Fe) and Chromium (Cr), and only when the Cr percentage composition reaches a certain value, the steel has corrosion resistance.| Grade | C(%) | Si(%) | Mn(%) | P(%) | S(%) | Ni(%) | Cr(%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 304 | 0.08 | 0.75 | 2 | 0.045 | 0.03 | 8.0~10.5 | 18.0~20.0 |
| 304L | 0.03 | 0.75 | 2 | 0.045 | 0.03 | 8.0~12.0 | 18.0~20.0 |
| 316 | 0.08 | 0.75 | 2 | 0.045 | 0.03 | 10.0~14.0 | 16.0~18.0 |
| 316L | 0.03 | 0.75 | 2 | 0.045 | 0.03 | 10.0~14.0 | 16.0~18.0 |
| 316Ti | 0.08 | 0.75 | 2 | 0.045 | 0.03 | 10.0~14.0 | 16.0~18.0 |
| 321 | 0.08 | 0.75 | 2 | 0.045 | 0.03 | 9.0~12.0 | 17.0~19.0 |
| 317L | 0.03 | 0.75 | 2 | 0.045 | 0.03 | 11.0~15.0 | 18.0~20.0 |
| 310S | 0.08 | 1.5 | 2 | 0.0452 | 0.03 | 19.0~22.0 | 24.0~26.0 |
| 347 | 0.08 | 0.75 | 2 | 0.045 | 0.03 | 9.0~13.0 | 17.0~19.0 |
| S31803 | 0.03 | 1 | 2 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 4.5~6.5 | 21.0~23.0 |
| S32205 | 0.03 | 1 | 2 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 4.5~6.5 | 22.0~23.0 |
| S32750 | 0.03 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 0.035 | 0.02 | 6.0~8.0 | 24.0~26.0 |
| 904L | 0.02 | 1 | 2 | 0.045 | 0.035 | 23.0~28.0 | 19.0~23.0 |
| 254SMo | 0.02 | 0.8 | 1 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 17.5~18.5 | 19.5~20.5 |
| 17-4PH | 0.07 | 1 | 1 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 3.0~5.0 | 15.0~17.5 |
| 253MA | 0.05~0.01 | 1.4~2.2 | 2 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 10.0~12.0 | 20.0~22.0 |
| 301 | 0.15 | 1 | 2 | 0.045 | 0.03 | 6.0~8.0 | 16.0~18.0 |
| 302 | 0.15 | 0.75 | 2 | 0.045 | 0.03 | 8.0~10.0 | 17.0~19.0 |
| 304N | 0.08 | 0.75 | 2 | 0.045 | 0.03 | 8.0~10.5 | 18.0~20.0 |
| 304H | 0.04~0.1 | 0.75 | 2 | 0.045 | 0.03 | 8.0~10.5 | 18.0~20.0 |
| 309S | 0.08 | 0.75 | 2 | 0.045 | 0.03 | 12.0~15.0 | 22.0~24.0 |
| 310H | 0.04~0.1 | 0.75 | 2 | 0.045 | 0.03 | 19.0~22.0 | 24.0~26.0 |
| 316LN | 0.03 | 0.75 | 2 | 0.045 | 0.03 | 10.0~14.0 | 16.0~18.0 |
| 316H | 0.04~0.1 | 0.75 | 2 | 0.045 | 0.03 | 10.0~14.0 | 16.0~18.0 |
| 321H | 0.04~0.1 | 0.75 | 2 | 0.045 | 0.03 | 9.0~12.0 | 17.0~19.0 |
| 347H | 0.04~0.1 | 0.75 | 2 | 0.045 | 0.03 | 9.0~13.0 | 17.0~19.0 |
| S32760 | 0.03 | 1 | 1 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 6.0~8.0 | 24.0~26.0 |
| S32304 | 0.03 | 1 | 2.5 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 3.0~5.5 | 21.5~24.5 |
| s32550 | 0.04 | 1 | 1.5 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 4.5~6.5 | 24.0~27.0 |
| S32900 | 0.08 | 0.75 | 1 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 2.0~5.0 | 23.0~28.0 |
| S32950 | 0.03 | 0.6 | 2 | 0.035 | 0.01 | 3.5~5.2 | 26.0~29.0 |
| 926 | 0.02 | 0.5 | 2 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 24.0~26.0 | 19.0~21.0 |
| 654SMo | 0.02 | 0.5 | 19.5~20.5 | 0.03 | 0.005 | 21.0~23.0 | 24.0~25.0 |
| 17-7PH | 0.08 | 0.75 | 1 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 6.0~7.7 | 16.0~18.0 |
| PH15-7Mo | 0.08 | 0.75 | 1 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 6.0~7.7 | 14.0~16.0 |
| 15-5PH | 0.07 | 1 | 1 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 3.5~5.5 | 14.0~15.5 |
| 410 | 0.08~0.15 | 1 | 1 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.75 | 11.5~13.5 |
| 410S | 0.08 | 1 | 1 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.6 | 11.5~13.5 |
| 420 | 0.15 | 1 | 1 | 0.04 | 0.03 | / | 12.0~14.0 |
| 420F | 0.3~0.4 | 1 | 1.5 | 0.06 | 0.2~0.34 | 0.5 | 12.5~14.0 |
| 431 | 0.2 | 1 | 1 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 1.25~2.5 | 15.0~17.0 |
| 440A | 0.6~0.75 | 1 | 1 | 0.04 | 0.03 | / | 16.0~18.0 |
| 440B | 0.75~0.95 | 1 | 1 | 0.04 | 0.03 | / | 16.0~18.0 |
| 440C | 0.95~1.20 | 1 | 1 | 0.04 | 0.03 | / | 16.0~18.0 |
| 409(L) | 0.03 | 1 | 1 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 10.5~11.7 |
| 430 | 0.12 | 1 | 1 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.75 | 16.0~18.0 |
| 434 | 0.12 | 1 | 1 | 0.04 | 0.03 | / | 16.0~18.0 |
| 436 | 0.12 | 1 | 1 | 0.04 | 0.03 | / | 16.0~18.0 |
| 439 | 0.03 | 1 | 1 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.5 | 17.0~19.0 |
| 444 | 0.25 | 1 | 1 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 1 | 17.5~19.5 |
Application
Steel Plate is both corrosion and abrasion-resistant. It is manufactured to a much broader range of thicknesses than ordinary steel sheets. Plate steel is primarily used in applications where a super-structural framework and indestructible durability are required. Not only is it produced for structural purposes, but it can also be implemented for general repairs too. In addition to great reinforcement purposes, Steel Plate is able to withstand immense stress from the harshest natural environments, mainly, the ocean. It serves as a considerable advantage to the world of heavy machinery. Its durability allows for machining and wearable elements to last much longer. Although it’s mostly used for reinforcement and bracing purposes, Plate Steel has proved to have a substantial degree of versatility.
What are the uses of steel plates?
Steel plates can be manufactured by large steel factories or smaller, more specialized plants. Steel plates are one of the many types of steel that can be produced, other types include steel bars, sheets, slabs, rolls, and more. Steel plates are often used for structural and construction applications, pressure vessels, marine and offshore equipment, and military applications. The grade, elements and parameters of a steel plate are also important in how it is used. Construction The construction industry requires many types of steel in all sizes. Steel plates can be found in buildings, bridges and on construction vehicles. Pressure Vessel Plate Pressure vessel plate is a type of steel plate used for storage containers. These storage containers can be boilers, gas tanks, or any unit that stores compressed gas or fluid. They can be manufactured to hold contents at outdoor temperatures or hold contents are more extreme temperatures. Depending on the purpose, these steel plates can be course-grain or fine-grain. Marine Steel plates are also used extensively in the shipbuilding industry. The plates are used for ships and barges or oil rigs and other offshore equipment. They may be manufactured structural parts or they may be implemented as repair pieces. Sometimes extremely durable steel plates are needed, especially in the construction of large offshore facilities. Military Military steel plates are used in tanks, jeeps, trucks and ground vehicles, as well as helicopters, jets and other aircraft. The Navy uses this steel for shipbuilding and naval repair.
Uses for stainless steel plates and sheets
There are many reasons why stainless steel plates are used for a wide variety of applications and products. One main reason is because of its high resistance to oxidation and corrosion. It is also resistant to abrasion and is easy to clean. Stainless steel plates (and stainless steel in general) are also easy to form, has a clean and attractive appearance, and are relatively light yet very durable. These are also pretty malleable without compromising on strength, making it ideal for use with a lot of things. Stainless steel is used by a huge number of industries and by many businesses due to this versatility, strength and corrosion resistance. The usage of these plates often depends on the plate grade. With so many plate grades available, you can be sure that this particular metal does see itself being used for a huge number of applications. Similar to stainless steel plate, the sheet metal has high tensile strength, durability and delivers an exceptional finish. Stainless steel is thus ideal for food production and storage as it does not affect the flavour of the food and the corrosion resistance is an important factor when it comes into contact with acidic foods. Stainless steel is easily cleaned which keeps germs at bay, in turn maintaining the integrity of any sterile environment, including that of the medical industry. Stainless steel sheets, also commonly known as Cold Rolled Products, can be moulded into shapes for making cookware, such as grills, sinks, pots and cookers. Stainless steel sheet is popular as a finish for refrigerators, freezers, countertops and dishwashers. The sheet metal is available in flat pieces or coiled strips and is also useful when making licence plates for cars and even the base of light bulbs.
- 304: For home appliances, cabinets, steel pipes, water heaters, boilers, medical facilities, building materials, chemical industry, food industry, agriculture, ship parts, etc.
- 304L: Chemical, coal, and petrol industries.
- 316: For facilities used in seawater, production machines of chemicals, dyes, oxalic acids or fertilizers; food industry, or facilities near seawater.
- 316L: With special requirements of intergranular corrosion resistance in 316 applications.
Processing service
The processed product does not require further edge optimization, which greatly improves the customer’s production efficiency and reduces production costs.
Cutting & Customization
Laser cutting
Laser cutting is suitable for more complex and high-precision shape and contour materials, especially the cutting of thinner plates, so it is an ideal choice for processing high-end products.
Plasma Cutting
The working area can reach 3×5 meters, and it can cut stainless steel plates of various grades with a thickness of 3-150 mm. In most cases, the cutting needs to be performed underwater, so as to ensure the flatness and straightness of the final parts, while reducing the affected area.
Waterjet cutting
The tolerance of water jet cutting is small and the cutting surface is smooth. During the processing, there will be no oxidation of metal materials, no residual stress and heat-affected zone, avoiding secondary processing, which greatly saves time and manufacturing costs, and achieves the best economic benefits for customers.
Stable Job
Our factory use high-quality imported machine tools. When the machine tool is working, the table and the workpiece will not move. The laser head movement design with small inertia and high dynamic performance is adopted to greatly improve the accuracy and stability of the machine tool. Convenient exchange of tables reduces machine standby time and improves equipment utilization.
Automatic control
The automatic programming software that comes with the cutting machine directly generates the numerical control processing program from the graphic file. At the same time, the communication software can be used to make the CNC and the computer implement two-way communication, and the drawing on the computer is convenient and simple. Automatic nesting and discharging can improve the utilization rate and production efficiency of plates.
High-quality equipment performance
Imported pneumatic components ensure the correct function of the machine tool. Various orchestration can be automatically converted for cutting various materials and plate thicknesses. High-pressure auxiliary gas ensures clean cutting of stainless steel.
Other Steel Plate Fabrication Services
Bending
Final product of steel plate bending is U, V shape and channel steels, steel plate with ductile properties and small thickness size (steel sheet) is suitable for this processing, the core equipment is brake press.
Beveling
Plate beveling is essential for welding treatment, it removes the steel part from the steel edge to create a space for welding material. This processing makes the welding joint more firm for better penetration and deposition.
Pickling
The purpose of plate pickling is to remove impurities of the steel plate on the surface, steel workpiece in high temperature environment inevitably have a oxide layer on steel surface, by dipping in a kind of strong acidic pickle liquor, the impurities like stains, rust, inorganic contaminants and scale can all be cleaned.
Rolling
Hot rolling: hot rolling is the most common production process, final product is covered with rough oxide layer which can be removed in pickling process.
Cold rolling: cold rolling steel has advantages of better surface finish condition and strict tolerance, it can not be used to reducing the steel plate thickness.
Stainless steel sheets & plates finishes
| Surface | Characteristic | Summary of manufacturing method | Application |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO.1 | Silvery white lackluster | Hot rolled to specified thickness | Do not need to have a glossy surface use |
| NO.2D | Silvery white | After cold rolling, heat treatment and pickling are carried out | General material, deep material |
| NO.2B | Gloss is stronger than No.2D | After No.2D treatment, the final light cold rolling is carried out through the polishing roller | The general material |
| BA | As bright as a sixpence | No standard, but usually a bright annealed surface with high reflectivity. | Building materials, kitchen utensils |
| NO.3 | Rough lapping | Grind with 100~200# (unit) strop tape | Building materials, kitchen utensils |
| NO.4 | Intermediate grinding | Polished surface obtained by grinding with 150~180# strop abrasive tape | Building materials, kitchen utensils |
| NO.240 | Fine lapping | Grinding with 240# strop abrasive tape | kitchenware |
| NO.320 | Very fine grinding | Grinding was carried out with 320# strop abrasive tape | kitchenware |
| NO.400 | The luster is close to BA | Use 400# polishing wheel to grind | General timber, building timber, kitchen appliances |
| HL | Hairline grinding | Suitable particle material for hair stripe grinding (150~240#) with many grains | Building, construction material |
| NO.7 | It's close to mirror grinding | Use a 600# rotary polishing wheel to grind | For art or decoration |
| NO.8 | Mirror ultrafinish | The mirror is ground with a polishing wheel | Reflector, for decoration |
Hot rolling process introduction
Hot rolled steel plate is basic steel plate product state, hot roll means processing temperature is over 1700˚F(re-crystallization temperature),at this temperature, steel forms even and stable structure, hot rolled steel plate can be fabricated easily, cutting, welding, etc, and it is more competitive for lower price than cold rolled steel plate. So knowing what kind of steel you need might help you reduce the cost.
A steel billet is rolled after several passes after heating, and then trimmed to be corrected into a steel sheet. Hot rolling can significantly reduce energy consumption and reduce costs. Steel plasticity is active during hot rolling, and the deformation resistance is low, which means steel billet can be fabricated with lower energy consumption. With the high temperature, the coarse grains in the as-cast state are broken, the cracks are healed, the casting defects are reduced or eliminated, the as-cast microstructure is transformed into a deformed structure to improve the processing properties of the alloy. Then Steel plate size shrinks slightly. Unlike cold rolled steel plate, it has rough surface and un-uniform edge.
Testing
The actual type of certificate that is issued will be dependent of the particular plate supplied, details of this certification are listed below.
The actual type of certificate that is issued will be dependent of the particular plate supplied, details of this certification are listed below.
EN10204:2004 3.1
This certificate is issued by the mill as a declaration of compliance with the specification and includes test results which are validated by the mill’s own in–house testing department. It is a requirement that this testing arrangement is completely separate and independent of the manufacturing centre.
EN10204:2004 3.2
A more demanding inspection where the steel is inspected not only by the mill but by a third party such as Lloyds Register or TUV. The third party will countersign the certificate which states that the plates are fully compliant with the specification and the test certificate is issued.
Magnetic Particle Inspection
Magnetic Particle Inspection (MPI) is a non-destructive testing method where an electrical current is passed through a test specimen forming a magnetic field.
The test is intended to establish if the continuity of the material is intact and identifies surface and near surface flaws. Once magnetised, if there is any discontinuity in the material, the magnetic field will leak. Iron particles are applied to the specimen and if an area of leakage is present the iron particles will be attracted to this area. The build up of these particles indicates potential flaws in the material which can then be investigated further.
Magnetic Particle Inspection is an excellent method for detecting surface or near surface cracks in the material. The specimen should be tested in two directions at 90 degrees because it is possible that a surface crack could be following the direction of the magnetic field. If this were the case the field is unlikely to be interrupted and therefore no flaw would be identified.
PMI test
To ensure the accuracy of the material. Positive Material Identification (PMI) of stainless steel sheets for tube shields is critical to verifying the grade and composition of stainless steel before it goes into production.
Main chemical elements and their functions
Carbon (C) :
1. Improve the deformation resistance and tensile strength of the blade;
2. Enhance hardness and improve wear resistance.
Cr (Cr) :
1. Enhance hardness, tensile strength and toughness;
2. Anti-wear and corrosion.
Cobalt (CO) :
1. Increase the hardness and strength so that it can withstand high temperature quenching;
2. Used to enhance certain individual properties of other elements in more complex alloys.
Copper (Cu) :
1. Enhance corrosion resistance;
2. Enhance wear resistance.
Manganese (Mn) :
1. Increase the quenchability, wear resistance and tensile strength;
2.Removal of oxygen from molten metal by separate oxidation and separate vaporization;
3. When added in large quantities, the hardness is enhanced, but the brittleness is improved.
Molybdenum (Mo) :
1. Enhanced strength, hardness, quenchability and toughness;
2. Improve machinability and corrosion resistance.
Nickel (Ni) :
1. Enhance strength, hardness and corrosion resistance.
Phosphorus (P) :
Enhanced strength, machinability and hardness.
2. When the concentration is too large, it is easy to crack
Silicon (Si) :
1. enhanced ductility;
2. Increase the tensile strength;
3. Removal of oxygen from molten metal by separate oxidation and separate vaporization.
Sulphur (S) : small amount used to improve machinability.
Tungsten (W) : Increases strength, hardness and toughness.
Vanadium (V) : Increases strength, hardness and seismic resistance.
Delivery State
According to requirements of customers, steel plates, steel pipes and other steel products supplied here can be delivered at the following states:
Hot Rolled
No extra heat treatment to steel product after hot rolling or forging, steel plate or pipe is directly delivered after cooling, called hot rolled or hot forging. Final temperature range of the steel product is 800 ~ 960 ℃, generally cooled naturally in the air.
Hot rolling status is simply as normalizing treatment. The difference is that hot rolled final temperature is not steady, while normalizing is more strict at fire heating temperature control, the fluctuations of microstructure and properties of steel is bigger than normalizing.
Cold Drawing
Steel product produced by cold drawing, cold rolling or other cold forming process, could be directly delivered without any heat treatment is known as the cold drawn or cold rolled condition. Compared with the state of hot rolling, forging.
Cold drawing (rolling) state has the advantages of high dimensional accuracy, good surface quality, and have higher mechanical properties. But for steel surface has no oxidation skin coverage for steel product at cold drawing (rolling) delivery status, and has higher internal stress, it is vulnerable to corrosion or rust, so packaging, storage and transportation requires more strict conditions for steel plate or steel pipe of this delivery state, generally use warehouse storage, and temperature and humidity should be controlled within a normal range.
Normalized
Normalize heat treatment temperature (hypo eutectoid steel: Ac3+30 to 50 °C, eutectoid steel: Accm+30 to 50 °C), temperature control is more strict than hot-rolled state, it has uniform performance.
Normalized state,compared with annealed state, due to rapid cooling process of normalizing, the number of pearlite in the microstructure of the steel increased, so it has higher comprehensive mechanical properties and can improve the low carbon steel of the widmanstatten structure and eutectoid cementite network form, it is used to prepare for further heat treatment.
Carbon steel, alloy steel are usually produced at normalizing delivery condition. Some high strength low alloy steel such as 14MnMoVBRE, 14CrMnMoVB steel, in order to obtain Bainite microstructure, also requires normalizing delivery condition.
Annealing
The purpose of annealing is mainly to eliminate the legacy of tissue defects and improve internal stress, it’s the pre-treatment for better organization and performance for after processes.
Alloy structural steel, cold heading steel, bearing steel, tool steel, turbine blade steel, heat resistant stainless steel steel products are commonly used annealing state delivery.
Tempering
High tempering temperature is conducive to eliminate internal stress, improve the plasticity and toughness of carbon structure steel, alloy steel; quench hardenability structural steel are adopted with high temperature tempering state delivery.
Some high strength martensite stainless steel, high-speed tool steel and high strength alloy steel, high temperature tempering is often after quenching (or drawing) process, steel product of this delivery state has good machinability.
Solid Solution State
Solid Solution State is mainly applied to the treatment of austenitic stainless steel. Single-phase austenite is obtained through solid solution treatment, in order to improve the toughness and plasticity of the steel, also prepare for further cold rolled or cold drawn processing.
Packing
And for further peace of mind, we ensure that your steel consignment is tested to your requirements. Much of our steel stock is “pre–tested” to an extremely stringent level so in most cases it is available to ship immediately. For direct supply from the mill, we can arrange for your steel to be tested at source or you can arrange for a third party company to complete the testing – the choice is yours.
Each package is fitted with an adhesive label with the following standard information:
Material standards
Material testing type (EN10204-3.1 / 2.2 …)
Dimensions of the steel plate
Number of the steel sheets that make up the package
Package weight
Package number (package ID)
Purchase order confirmation number
Client order number
Destination address
Material quality
Lot
Specimen
Upon request it is possible to customize the writing on the label, and if agreed, place additional labels on the packages. 
Inquiry
Need to inquire about our products? Fill out the form below and our staff will be in touch!
FAQ
Q: How long is your delivery time? A: The delivery time of customized products is generally 25 35 days, and non customized products are generally shipped within 24 hours after payment. Q: Do you provide samples? Is it free? A: If the value of the sample is low, we will provide it for free, but the freight needs to be paid by the customer. But for some high value samples, we need to charge a fee. Q: What are your payment terms? A: T/T 30% as the deposit,The balance payment is paid in full before shipment Q: What is the packaging and transportation form? A: Non steaming wooden box and iron frame packaging. Special packaging is available according to customer needs. The transportation is mainly by sea. Q: What is your minimum order quantity? A: There is no minimum order quantity requirement. Customized products are tailor made according to the drawings provided by the customer.
