Type 410 is a martensitic stainless steel which is magnetic, resists corrosion in mild environents and has fairly good ductility.
410 pipe is used where abrasion and wear resistance is needed, combined with fair resistance to general corrosion and oxidation.
Specifications – Stainless Steel 410
- ASTM: A268, A815, A182
Chemical composition of 410 stainless steel
| UNS No | S41000 |
|---|---|
| EN | 1.4006 |
| AISI | 410 |
| Carbon (C) | 0.08/0.15 |
| Silicon (Si) | 1 |
| Manganese (Mn) | 1.5 |
| Phosphorus (P) | 0.04 |
| Sulphur (S) | 0.03 |
| Chromium (Cr) | 11.5/13.5 |
| Molybdenum (Mo) | |
| Nickel (Ni) | 0.75 |
| Nitrogen (N) |
Design Features – Stainless Steel 410
- Martensitic stainless steel with high mechanical properties.
- Ferromagnetic in the annealed or hardened condition.
- Contains minimum amount of chromium to impart stainless steel properties.
- Resists oxidation and scaling up to 1200°F.
- Resists abrasion and wear better than most 300 series stainless steels.
- Good sulphide stress corrosion cracking resistance.
- Hardness is one of Type 410’s best features.
Mechanical properties of 410 stainless steel
| DESCRIPTION | TYPE 410 |
|---|---|
| Proof Stress 0.2% (MPa) | 205 |
| Tensile strength (MPa) | 450 |
| Elongation A5 (%) | 20 |
| Hardness | HB: 217 HRB: 96 |
Chemical composition of 410 HT stainless steel
| UNS No | S41000 |
|---|---|
| EN | 1.4006 |
| AISI | 410 |
| Carbon (C) | 0.15 |
| Silicon (Si) | 1.0 |
| Manganese (Mn) | 1.0 |
| Phosphorus (P) | 0.04 |
| Sulphur (S) | 0.03 |
| Chromium (Cr) | 11.5/13.5 |
| Molybdenum (Mo) | |
| Nickel (Ni) | 0.5 |
| Nitrogen (N) |
Mechanical properties of 410/HT stainless steel
| DESCRIPTION | TYPE 410 |
|---|---|
| Proof Stress 0.2% (MPa) | 205 |
| Tensile strength (MPa) | 450 |
| Elongation A5 (%) | 20 |
| Hardness | HB: 217 HRB: 96 |
Typical Mechanical Properties- Stainless Steel 410
| Material | Tempering Temp °C (°F) | 0.2 % Yield Strength (Mpa) | Ultimate Tensile Strength (Mpa) | % Elongation in 2" | % Reduction of Area | Charpy V Notch Impact Strength (J) | Hardness Brinell |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alloy 410 Bar | 260 (500) | 1089 | 1331 | 17 | 62 | 76 | 401 |
| Hardened 1850°F (1010°C) 30 mins, oil quench, tempered 4 Hrs | |||||||
| Alloy 410 Bar | 317 (700) | 1069 | 1296 | 17 | 60 | 66 | 401 |
| Hardened 1850°F (1010°C) 30 mins, oil quench, tempered 4 Hrs | |||||||
| Alloy 410 Bar | 482 (900) | 1014 | 1303 | 18 | 58 | 38 | 401 |
| Hardened 1850°F (1010°C) 30 mins, oil quench, tempered 4 Hrs | |||||||
| Alloy 410 Bar | 538 (1000) | 917 | 965 | 19 | 62 | 33 | 285 |
| Hardened 1850°F (1010°C) 30 mins, oil quench, tempered 4 Hrs | |||||||
| Alloy 410 Bar | 593 (1100) | 724 | 827 | 20 | 63 | 52 | 248 |
| Hardened 1850°F (1010°C) 30 mins, oil quench, tempered 4 Hrs | |||||||
| Alloy 410 Bar | 649 (1200) | 634 | 731 | 21 | 65 | 119 | 223 |
Typical Applications – Stainless Steel 410
Grade 410 stainless steels find applications in the following:
- Bolts, screws, bushings and nuts
- Petroleum fractionating structures
- Shafts, pumps and valves
- Mine ladder rungs
- Gas turbines
Tensile Requirements – Stainless Steel 410
- Tensile Strength (KSI): 60
- Yield Strength (KSI): 30
Possible alternative grades
The table below provides the suitable alternative grades to 410 stainless steels:| Grade | Reasons for choosing the grade |
|---|---|
| 416 | High machinability is required, and the lower corrosion resistance of 416 is acceptable. |
| 420 | A higher hardened strength or hardness than can be obtained from 410 is needed. |
| 440C | A higher hardened strength or hardness than can be obtained even from 420 is needed. |
Corrosion Resistance
Grade 410 stainless steels are resistant to hot gases, steam, food, mild acids and alkalies, fresh water and dry air. These steels obtain maximum corrosion and heat resistance through hardening. However, grade 410 steels are less corrosion resistant than austenitic grades and grade 430 ferritic alloys containing 17% chromium. Smooth surface finish offers improved performance of steels.
Heat Resistance
Grade 410 steels have good scaling resistance at temperatures of up to 650 °C. However, the mechanical properties of the material will tend to reduce at temperatures ranging from 400 to 580 °C.
Heat Treatment
Annealing – Grade 410 steels can be fully annealed at temperatures from 815 to 900 °C, followed by slow furnace cooling and air-cooling. Process annealing of grade 410 steels can be carried out at temperatures ranging from 650 to 760 °C and air-cooled.
Hardening – Hardening of grade 410 steels can be performed at 925 to 1010 °C, followed by air and oil quenching. Heavy sections of grade 410 need to be oil quenched. Tempering, to enhance the mechanical properties and hardness of grade 410 steels, follows this process. It is not recommended to perform tempering at temperatures from 400 to 580 °C.
Welding
Grade 410 steels can be welded using all conventional welding techniques, but the materials should pre-heated at 150 to 260 °C followed by post-weld annealing treatment, to mitigate cracking. Grade 410 welding rods are recommended for tempering and post-hardening. In the “as welded” conditions, grade 309 filler rods can be used to achieve a ductile joint.
According to AS 1554.6 standards, grade 309 electrodes or rods are preferred for welding 410 steels.
Machining
Grade 410 steels can be easily machined in highly tempered or annealed conditions. However, it is hard to machine grade 410 steels if they are hardened above 30HRC. Free machining grade 416 is the best alternative.